Aviation Security and al Qaeda in Yemen Case Study

Aviation Security and al Qaeda in Yemen - Case Study Example This pragmatic and preventive practice had been discontinued. An illustration of this change was the failure to interrogate the Christmas Day bomber. This individual had been provided with a lawyer and informed that he was entitled to remain silent (Thiessen, 2011, p. 133). Aggressive interrogation of terrorists is essential for obtaining information about future terrorist attacks. Consequently, the Obama Administration’s reluctance to engage in such interrogation has rendered the nation vulnerable to terrorist attacks. There is a major lacuna in the strategy of the US. It relies upon Yemen to assist it in identifying and neutralizing al Qaeda terrorists. However, the Yemeni government employs, harbors and relies upon these terrorists for political support and perhaps even its very existence. There is a marked reluctance among the Yemeni authorities to wage a serious war against the al Qaeda terrorists, who reside in their country (Rollins, 2010, p. 12). It was discovered by the National Commission on Terrorists Attacks Upon the United States that the weaknesses inherent in the aviation security system had been used by the al Qaeda terrorists to conduct the September 11 attacks. Some of the weaknesses identified by this commission were first, a preliminary screening process that concentrated upon identifying likely aircraft bombers (Elias, 2004). However, this process had ignored potential hijackers. Second, slipshod screening at checkpoints and the prevalence of permissive rules with regard to small knives. Third, the absence of in-flight security measures, such as the presence of air marshals and reinforced cockpit doors. Fourth, the adoption of a non – confrontational strategy, across the industry, while addressing hijackers. Fifth, the absence of capabilities and protocols for executing a synchronized Federal Aviation Administration and military response to suicidal hijackers and multiple hijackings (Elias, 2004).  

A football match review Essay Example for Free

A football match review Essay My piece of coursework is a football match review. The score line is fictional for dramatic effect. Such an article would be traditionally found in the back pages of a tabloid newspaper, such as The Sun or The Daily Mail. The analysis is of a crunch match, which will decide the victor of the Premiership. Therefore, I have given the article an emotive title, with the use of the word epic. This sets the scene for the tension I build up within the article. In terms of the layout, I have attempted to match that of both the Daily Mail and The Sun. I have placed the score line and the author name underneath the title respectively. At the top of the page I have shown the subject, in this case, The Premiership. The Daily Mail uses this technique to head their pages, such as finance and motoring. I initiate the article with an introductory text, which sets the scene for the importance of such a match. This text is in larger font than the rest of the article, which simply shows that the piece is an introduction. Within the text, I have used dividers, commonly used by The Sun newspaper. These are usually one-word headings, which relate to the following paragraph. I have used these mainly to divide the text and provide a lightly informative hint to the contents of the paragraph. The photograph on the right hand side is taken from ITVs website and is accompanied with a caption. All analysiss are accompanied by a photograph taken from the game. The incident in the photograph usually relates to the victor of the match. In this case, a Newcastle player is shielding the ball from a Man Utd player to represent Newcastles winning of the match. Additionally, there are two information boxes included. One shows the score line and scorers and the other provides specific information the game such as number of yellow cards and free kicks. These boxes are only featured within a tabloid newspaper and are taken to the extreme by The Sun, who sometimes give very specific but often unnecessary details on the game. I have only included common information, which adds authenticity and depth to the analysis. The language I have used within this analysis, relates to football language. Such examples are midfield, tactics, centrally attacking, Red Devils and Magpies. Clearly, this terminology is only understandable to those with knowledge of football as the intended audience is of course football supporters. The language I use also dramatises the situation in order to keep the readers interest and to give an exaggerated view of the situation. An example from the text is with Solano hitting the underside of the crossbar after a stunning run. This technique helps to build up the readers view of the atmosphere in the stadium. Progressively, through various drafts of my coursework, I have generally improved the layout of the work, adding columns and paragraph headings to the article. I have also changed some parts of the text due to grammatical errors and improved the overall presentation of the article.

Smart objectives of bp

Smart objectives of bp Task Three SMART Objectives of BP BP Objectives are prepared according to SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Timed).That means it should be particular about what we are going to achieve and should quantify about the objectives. There are a several types of objectives that all can be done in the SMART format. Process objectives Impact objectives Outcome objectives Personal objectives BPs five year plan objectives are, Increase profitability by 20% Increase production Financial gain by serving to the increasing demand Build brand value that was affected by the oil spills Five year development plan for BP Business plan is a statement about companys future goals and plans to achieve those goals. This can be externally focus or internally focus. BPs Strategies in progress can state as, Upstream growth Downstream turnaround Alternative Energy: focused disciplined Corporate simplification In the upstream will focus on cost and capital efficiency to deliver profitable growth. In the downstream will drive further efficiencies and a focus on quality and integration. They will maintain their disciplined approach to alternative energy and will continue to unlock corporate efficiency through a culture of continuous improvement. Five year development plan for BP # Objective Strategy Actions Performance Indicators Time Period 1 Increase profitability by 20% Research and development Hire most qualified researchers Innovative ways of doing things One year 2 Increase production Acquisition of north sea area. Negotiations with governments and agreeing for a joint profit sharing. Coming into an agreement with relevant governments Two years 3 Financial gain by serving to the increasing demand Sales and Marketing approaches to increase market share Recruiting experienced sales and marketing people and objective training Acquiring new market opportunities, increase the market share One year 4 Build brand value that was affected by the oil spills Communication and promotion strategy Using new media opportunities of social media to build brand name again, invest in CSR activities in Go Green. Reduce the black mark 3 years Evaluating and implementing the plan In corporate strategy, Johnson, Scholes and Whittington present a model in which strategic options are evaluated against three key success criteria Suitability (would it work?) Feasibility (can it be made to work?) Acceptability (will they work it?) (Source-: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_management) # Objectives Time Line 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year 1 Increase profitability by 20% X 2 Increase production X X 3 Financial gain by serving to the increasing demand X 4 Build brand value that was affected by the oil spills X X X Conclusion When it is mention about the strategic management and the leadership strategic planning is a major part of it. Strategic planning can divide in to three stages as strategic Analysis, Strategic Options and Evaluation and Implementation. The British petroleum Corporation is a well established organization in petroleum industry and here it is mentioned about the strategy and competitive advantages of the BP and the technical tools which could they can use to analysis situations. The porters five forces investigation helps identify the competitive environment BP analysis their market for Quality production. There are so many competitors like Solar, sharp in the market and BP establish with mass production. By doing the SWOT analysis its helping company to identify the internal and external environment of the company. BP is focused on customers and they believe in their productions. They used the oil plus solar power combination and they used product segmentation, improve cost efficiency and some more strategies to increase their profits. They have created value through technology and this is a barrier for their competitors. Company can use strategy clock, Ansoff growth matrix tools to analysis their position in the market. To develop strategic options first it should identify the external context and priorities and clusters. Then it should develop the strategic options. SOP matrix is best tool to identify the strategies of the company.

Steroids :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Steroids were first developed in the 1930's. The Germans first experimented on dogs and then on their own soldiers in the World War II, as well as used them on their prisoners to help them stay healthy because they suffered from significant malnutrition. Then in the 1950's many Russian and European athletes began to find that steroids were very beneficial to their goals and soon after began dominating the sport of power lifting, crushing previous world records. In the mid 1950's it was proven that testosterone was the reason behind the improved athletic ability by Dr. Ziegler. Soon after he and his labs were producing Dianabol or Methandrostenolone. A few years later, steroids were available on the market. At that time both athletes and doctors were using them alike on a regular basis. On March 1st 1991, the Federal Anabolic Control Act was in effect. This put anabolic steroids on the schedule III of the Controlled Substance Act, making them an illegal substance without a prescription. Today, there are clinics that will prescribe testosterone and HGH to qualified patients. HGH is also known as Human Growth Hormone. Because of this act, the only other way to get steroids is on the black market.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many reasons why people take steroids. Before you look at the side effects of steroids, they seem as a great advancement in medicine. Steroids increase muscle mass, strength, endurance, and recovery rates. They also heighten aggression, improve performance in sports and on the job, increase muscle definition and leanness, and they maintain your appearance while aging. Although steroids help you greatly in muscular development, it has terrible side effects. The major side effects from abusing steroids can include liver tumors and cancer, yellowish pigmentation of skin, tissues, and body fluids, fluid retention, high blood pressure, increases in the bad cholesterol, and decreases in the good cholesterol. Other side effects include kidney tumors, severe acne, and trembling. In addition, there are some gender and age specific side effects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Men may experience the shrinking of the testicles, reduced sperm count, infertility, baldness, development of breasts, and increased risk for prostate cancer. However woman may experience growth of facial hair, male-pattern baldness, changes in or killing of the menstrual cycle, enlargement of the clitoris, and a deepened voice. Adolescents who use steroids may have their growth halted prematurely through premature skeletal maturation and accelerated puberty changes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There have been many reports of steroid users demonstrating violent behavior.

Explain the nature and purpose of the ‘Hitler Youth’ movement

a) To establish a stable future for the Nazi regime, Hitler was determined to gain control of the upcoming generation that was Germany's youth, to do this he created several groups for both boys and girls to teach them Nazi ideology and how to be the ‘superior race'. Hitler's youth movement was made compulsory to join in 1936 and from then on boys at the age of 6-10 wore enlisted to the ‘Pimpf', which translates as little fellows, here they took part in exercises such as hiking and camping. On surpassing the age of 10 they underwent a test from them to reach ‘Deutsche Jungvolk' (or German young people). Only after this wore they enrolled in ‘Hitler youth' when they wore between the ages of 14-18 and there they wore trained on military discipline. The Hitler youth was also used as a way teaching children in anti-Semitism, pride for Germany and allegiance to Hitler. Young children were expected to read books describing how Jewish things and people were evil. There was also the SRD which was a patrol service that would check that all the members of the Hitler Youth were looking smart and that they were carrying a clean handkerchief and comb, which defines the importance of the movement. Baldur Von Schirach led the Hitler youth organization and he had the idea to create individual years for the Hitler youth movement and in 1934 it was the ‘Year of Training' where the kids learned vocational training, and in October were sent to the country to harvest the crops. This was apparently to show them the value of hard manual labor, and how it pays off. The next year was ‘The Year of Physical Training' which consisted of rigorous sport competitions and gladiator like fitness standards. Hitler felt that his youth should have more of a strong character and look more physically healthy rather than to be well educated in the classroom. Hitler wanted his youth to feel that they are better than others are and be proud to be Germans. When in the classroom the teachers taught their curriculum to emphasize Nazi themes and history. The purpose of these male groups was that Hitler was training each and every boy in Germany to become soldiers; the uniforms that they wore were similar to that of the SS, an elite part of the army. The Hitler youth was really a training centre for future members of the SA or the SS. My theory on Hitler's ‘Deutsche Jungvolk' was that children were brainwashed with Nazi ideology and military tactics and concerns. Hitler had complete control over every single stage in the young German boy's lives. Girls were also forced to enrol in a group which was known as ‘Jungmadel' (young maidens) at the age of 10 to 14 and Girls from fourteen to eighteen were in the ‘Bund Deutcher Madel' (BDM) (League of German Girls), the BDM also offered a wide variety of other activities such as reduced rates at movie theaters, going on field trips, and attend camps that lasted anywhere from one day to several weeks. BDM groups got together 2 times a week, one of which was a sports afternoon, the other of which was called ‘Heimatabend' (home evening). During the home evening, girls played music, learned and sang folk songs, played games, or did arts and crafts. The BDM placed big importance on the girls' educations and expected that they would finish school. The purpose of the BDM was to teach women how to care for their health so they could prepare for motherhood and raise as many babies as the German population required and so they remained loyal to his Nazi regime. In conclusion, Hitler used these groups as an opportunity to spread his ideas throughout the nation, and to create a new generation that would be loyal and unified. He gave those under he's teachings a great discriminations of all Jewish people and taught them that they were a superior race. He believed that the future of Nazi Germany were the children and expected children to be like: â€Å"The weak must be chiseled away. I want young men and women who can suffer pain. A young German must be as swift as a greyhound, as tough as leather, and as hard as Krupp's steel.† – Adolf Hitler (http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/hitler_youth.htm) And the groups wore created for this very purpose to serve him if any uprising occurred. He trained children at such a young age as they wore easily susceptible to corruption from Hitler's words and they wore taught that he was a savior for all of Germany so the children looked up to him as if he was a god so they would remain loyal to him in the future. Explain the reason for Nazi policies towards Women b) Women are the foundation to a great new generation and Hitler came to comprehend this fact, to make a great new Germany he would have to control and persuade women to stay at home and raise big families, he saw women as only fit for motherhood and all his policies reflected that he wanted women to be only used to create a new generation of children loyal to Hitler's legacy. To convey his plans all equal rights towards women in the Weimar Republic were abolished. There was practically no equality as Nazi's believed that women had a role that was separate to that of the men so equality was not in the question, they said each sex has different tasks to do and their own separate rights and through this the Nazi's believed they wore being equal.. Hitler passed of laws which ensured that women fulfilled their duty at home and companies were encouraged to give all free job spaces to men. The first examples of women this happened to were women doctors and civil servants. Hitler also allowed no woman to be a judge or prosecutor as he thought they were unable to think logically and without emotion. Hitler needed women at home so that they could have more time on their hands to looking to raise a family so the German population would flourish. Nazis had reasons for their inequality towards women in society as they thought their place was very much in the home as child-bearers and supporters of their husbands. Nazi policies for women were based on the ‘3 K's, Kinder, Kirche, Kuche' (Children, Church and the Kitchen) and encouraged these policies by offering loans, family allowances and child subsides for women to stay at home and were also given medals if they had a large family. By encouraging women to do this and offering rewards for large families Germany's population would grow meaning more young boys being trained to being soldiers and more young girls turning into mothers so Hitler can fill the land he was planning to take control over with Germans. Though there were some exceptions to the policies set by the Nazi's, as if you was a woman of high importance and closely linked to Hitler personally there was some differences. Such as the film director Leni Riefenstahl, whom Hitler admired her work dearly. When he first attended one of her films showings, Hitler sought out the young director and after a very short time appointed her as ‘Film Expert to the National Socialist Party'. Over the next five years Riefenstahl made several films in which Hitler had requested, which in a state where women played a secondary role to men, Riefenstahl was given a free hand by Hitler to produce propaganda films for the Nazi regime. Hitler described Riefenstahl as ‘the perfect German woman'. Another exception was Eva Braun which was Hitler's ‘wife' whom he married only when both had reached a mutual decision to commit suicide a day after their marriage. Eva Braun met Hitler when she was 17 and at the age of 19 At the age of 19, she became Hitler's mistress, received a house, expensive clothes, fast cars and French perfume – but no wedding ring, she also was not pushed into having children which goes against Nazi policies. In conclusion, each policy put in place concerning women in Germany was done so for the sole purpose that they would be fit and efficient mothers such as being discouraged from slimming as this was considered bad for child birth. Though there were the exceptions of a few women who Hitler allowed to lead a life of luxury and freedom, giving them benefits that no other Nazi women could dream of experiencing. ‘The most important reason why there was little opposition in Germany towards the Nazi regime was its use of propaganda.' Explain how far you agree with this statement. c) I agree to this statement to quite a far extent as I feel the Nazi regime cleverly used their use of propaganda to sway the hearts and minds of the German people. Through their complete control of the media the Nazi's wore able to convince people that they are right or were winning the war thus gaining trust throughout Germany. They wore also able to censor any stories or articles which in someway discredit Nazi powers. But their use of deception in the media was not the only reason there was little opposition towards them, fear also played a major part in halting any opposition the Nazi's would otherwise have to face. Hitler had elected Joseph Goebbels as minister for ‘National Enlightenment' and he controlled the media and arts. It was his role to make sure that the media printed Nazi ideology and censored any other idea's put forward. He also set up the ‘Reich Chamber of Commerce' in 1933 and this was designed to deal with all literature, art, music, radio etc. and only those who was part of this chamber was allowed to produce anything from those categories but along side these restricts was the fear of punishment to oppose and of the policies set in place so you could only read, see and hear what the Nazis wanted you to. The use of censorship saw that there was little or no opposition in Germany as when Hitler came into power the Nazi's showed what would happen to things that did not conform to Nazi ideology and Goebbels organized mass book burning sessions in which any book that didn't agree with Nazi idea's was taken out of the library and burnt. Films that wore made at the time concentrated on Nazi beliefs and how Germans wore treated in Eastern Europe. These films helped sway the mind of the people causing little resistance against Nazi regime. Goebbels wanted every German to hear Nazi idea's so he insisted that radios wore constructed and sold cheap to each German citizen so they could hear Hitler give speeches, loud speakers were put up in streets and Cafes and other such properties were ordered to play in public speeches by Hitler, and the consistent hearing of Nazi ideology brainwashed those who listened into believing that the Nazi was the superior race and political system, â€Å"The essence of propaganda consists in winning people over to an idea so sincerely, so vitally, that in the end they succumb to it utterly and can never escape from it.†- Goebbels http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/NaziGermany.htm Goebbels used propaganda to fuel Hitler's hatred for Jews and used them as a scapegoat for blaming Germany's dire situation at the time, and he also implemented young people to Nazi propaganda, Hitler youth, so when they grew up they would not appose his rulings and would follow him in whatever he would say. Even the 1936 Berlin Olympics was used as a way to glorify Nazi Germany and that it was here to stay. He also used propaganda to show how Hitler wanted best for the German people and was really a man of peace but was also determined to recover German territories ‘lost' as a result of the Versailles Treaty of 1919, and this appealed to must Germans and they had felt dishonoured by the land lost so would now not stand up against Hitler. Propaganda also presented Hitler as some sort of ‘mythical figure', for example his famous â€Å"Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Fà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½hrer† (‘One People, One Nation, One Leader') poster which gives the feeling that Hitler is guiding people's destiny and also depicted Hitler as ‘a man of the people'. Hitler used his youth groups as a form of propaganda, brainwashing the children into thinking that he is some sort of superior beings, there were even pictures of him in classrooms and it is reported that some children had started praying to the picture's of him like he was a God. With this mindset Hitler had a strong grip on the next generation that would not appose him in the future. But propaganda was not the only reason for the little opposition, Nazi's made sure their was swift and harsh punishment for those who undermined their ruling and mocking Hitler became an offence that could be punished by being sent to a concentration camp which could possibly lead to death. Hitler's secret police saw to it that anyone who went against the Nazi in any small way would be dealt the most serious of consequences and people wore expected to come to the police if they heard of any unrest against Nazi policies if they didn't they too would be punished, people wore too afraid to stand up against Hitler and his SS men. Also some Germans even though not liking Hitler's rule preferred it over any left wing communist groups, as Hitler did well in lowering unemployment rates buy implementing building, road and house works. Also his order of conscription of men into the army further reduced the amount of unemployed and Germans found thousands of jobs in factory work and weapons production so they benefited from Hitler being in power. People found themselves at a higher standard of living and did not wish to sacrifice it and go back to the days of the depression. Propaganda played a drastic part in why the Nazi's wore able to maintain control with little opposition in Germany, the use of blaming the Jewish people and making out Hitler to be a god made people side with the Nazi regime. The repetitive speeches brainwashed the people into feeling compassionate towards Hitler's cause but I do feel the pure fear of Hitler's SS men did stop many of the German public from speaking out in fear of execution or being murdered and also the fact that all the good Hitler had brought to the country people did not wish to return to their previous state with inflation and mass unemployment.

More than What Meets the Eye essays

More than What Meets the Eye essays What is currently known as the Naval Surface Warfare Center and California Rehabilitation Center was once a playground for the wealthy and well-known early in the 20th century. This playground was known as the grand Norconian Hotel and Resort, founded by Rex B. Clark, also the City of Norcos first serious developer. Since the building of the resort supreme (Cobbe, Snow, Bruinsma 12), the facility underwent three distinct phases. The first was the hotel, the next being a Naval hospital and presently the NSWC and CRC. Recently purchased by the City of Norco for an undisclosed amount, it is rumored that the NSWC is leaving the remains, mainly because of earthquake standards, and that the City will be restoring this magnificent property to the luxurious standards it once upheld. The once majestic Norconian Hotel and Resort was revered as a main attraction in Southern California prior to Palm Springs, competing only with Riversides Mission Inn. Norco hasnt always been the rural horse community it is now either lovingly or hatefully known as. The name Norco came from a purchase by the North Corona Land Company, and has been retained since. As stated in Norco Remembers, Norco started out as vacant land, part of a Mexican grant [that] was granted from Mexico to Vicenta Sepulveda and was [known] as the Little La Seirra [sic] Rancho. (Cobbe, Snow, Bruinsma 12) The Rancho was first observed in 1862 by W.P. Reynolds, and was approved in 1862 by a surveyor by the name of H.G. Rowlins, Surveyor General of California. Eventually the San Jacinto Land company, followed by W.J. Hole in 1908 purchased this area (Hayward 1). Finally bought by the wealthy Rex B. Clark, the development of Norco began, classified as a city in 1964. With the purchase of several thousand acres of ground in what was then North Corona, most of the tract was laid out in small acreage farms. He started by building roads...

The US was justified in Dropping the atomic bomb. essays

The US was justified in Dropping the atomic bomb. essays On August 6, 1945, the eighth largest city in Japan, Hiroshima suffered an extremely sepulchral day. The United States had unleashed Little Boy. Little Boy was an extremely powerful, atomic bomb. Little Boy had killed some 80,000 people in the city of Hiroshima (Hoare 18-20). Three days later an analogous situation had occurred in the Japanese city of Nagasaki . This atomic bomb, Fat Man, had killed another 100,000 people (Hoare 18-20). Many people were killed and many others were injured. Some believe that the dropping of the atomic bombs was inhumane, but these people do not realize what could have been lost if World War II would have continued any longer. The United States had been fighting this massive war since 1941. Despite these lurid occurrences, the United States was justified in the dropping of the atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The dropping of the atomic bombs was, and still is, an extremely controversial military strategy in the United States and all over the world. Many scientists believed that it would be immoral to drop the atomic bomb on the two Japanese cities without warning them, therefore, they began a petition (The Americans 751). Others supported a demonstration of the power of the bomb in a deserted location that the Japanese would be able to view. They believed that they could convince the Japanese to surrender (The Americans 751). Many people also believed that the United States should have chose to invade rather than drop the atomic bombs and kill 200,000 of the Japanese people. These people are ignorant to how many lives would have been lost if the United States had chose to invade. Atomic bombs produce heat millions of degrees high. They also produce visible ultraviolet and infrared rays (Stein 3). Everyone and everything exposed to the atomic blast is effected, whether i...

Dorothea Dix, Advocate for the Mentally Ill

Dorothea Dix, Advocate for the Mentally Ill Dorothea Dix was born in Maine in 1802.   Her father was a minister, and he and his wife raised Dorothea and her two younger brothers in poverty, sometimes sending Dorothea to Boston to her grandparents. After studying at home, Dorothea Dix became a teacher when she was 14 years old.   When she was 19 she started her own girls’ school in Boston.   William Ellery Channing, a leading Boston minister, sent his daughters to the school, and she became close to the family.   She also became interested in the Unitarianism of Channing.   As a teacher, she was known for strictness.   She used her grandmother’s home for another school, and also started a free school, supported by donations, for poor children. Struggling With Her Health At 25 Dorothea Dix became ill with tuberculosis, a chronic lung disease.   She quit teaching and focused on writing while she was recovering, writing mainly for children.   The Channing family took her with them on retreat and on vacations, including to St. Croix.   Dix, feeling somewhat better, returned to teaching after a few years, adding into her commitments the care of her grandmother.   Her health again seriously threatened, she went to London in hopes that would help her recovery.   She was frustrated by her ill health, writing â€Å"There is so much to do†¦.† While she was in England, she became familiar with efforts at prison reform and better treatment of the mentally ill.   She returned to Boston in 1837 after her grandmother died and left her an inheritance that allowed her to focus on her health, but now with an idea in mind of what to do with her life after her recovery. Choosing a Path to Reform In 1841, feeling strong and healthy, Dorothea Dix visited a women’s jail in East Cambridge, Massachusetts, to teach Sunday School.   She had heard of awful conditions there. She investigated and was especially horrified at how women declared insane were being treated. With the help of William Ellery Channing, she began working with well-known male reformers, including Charles Sumner (an abolitionist who would become a Senator), and with Horace Mann and Samuel Gridley Howe, both educators of some renown.   For a year and a half Dix visited prisons and places where the mentally ill were kept, often in cages or chained and often abused. Samuel Gridley Howe (husband of Juliet Ward Howe) supported her efforts by publishing about the need for reform of the care of the mentally ill, and Dix decided she had a cause to devote herself to.   She wrote to the state legislators calling for specific reforms, and detailing the conditions she had documented.   In Massachusetts first, then in other states including New York, New Jersey, Ohio, Maryland, Tennessee and Kentucky, she advocated for legislative reforms.   In her efforts to document, she became one of the first reformers to take social statistics seriously. In Providence, an article she wrote on the topic generated a large donation of $40,000 from a local businessman, and she was able to use this to move some of those imprisoned for mental â€Å"incompetence† to a better situation. In New Jersey and then in Pennsylvania, she won approval of new hospitals for the mentally ill. Federal and International Efforts By 1848, Dix had decided that reform needed to be federal.   After initial failure she got a bill through Congress to fund efforts to support people who were disabled or mentally ill, but President Pierce vetoed it. With a visit to England, during which she saw Florence Nightingale’s work, Dix was able to enlist Queen Victoria in studying the conditions there of the mentally ill, and won improvements in the asylums.   She moved on to working in many countries in England, and even convinced the Pope to build a new institution for the mentally ill. In 1856, Dix returned to America and worked for five more years advocating for funds for the mentally ill, both at federal and state levels. Civil War In 1861, with the opening of the American Civil War, Dix turned her efforts to military nursing.   In June of 1861, the U.S. Army appointed her as superintendent of Army nurses.   She tried to model nursing care on that of Florence Nightingale’s famous work in the Crimean War. She worked to train young women who volunteered for nursing duty.   She fought doggedly for good medical care, often coming into conflict with the physicians and surgeons.   She was recognized in 1866 by the Secretary of war for her extraordinary service. Later Life After the Civil War, Dix again devoted herself to advocating for the mentally ill. She died at age 79 in New Jersey, in the July of 1887.

Effect of Gambling to British Teenagers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Effect of Gambling to British Teenagers - Essay Example The relationship between the two is very closely related because of nature of the hobby. One of the main reasons why teenagers turn to other criminal activity is because they need money. The easiest and fastest way to make money for gambling is stealing. There are many different level of stealing first of teenage gamblers steal money from family, mothers purses, fathers wallet or siblings piggy banks. This happens because parents and family members are against the idea of gambling and will not fund it therefore turn to unethical measures. More extreme cases have stolen from shops, other people and houses. The other main problem with teenage gambling is that it is associated with vices such as drinking, drugs and sex. Being underage and following the gambling life style will eventually lead you to problems such as alcoholism etc. In casinos they encourage drinking therefore being in that environment will lead you down that path. In 2002, the British government released a report regarding the proposed changes in the UK gambling law. It is a change that is expected to elevate the annual sum gambled in Britain to more than 60bn from 42bn a year (BBC News). The Gambling Act 2005 also called the Gambling Bill is a response to the Gambling Review Report made by the Department of Culture, Media and Sports in 2001 (Gamingfloor.com). One of the objectives of the Gambling Act 2005 is to prevent "gambling from being a source of crime or disorder, being associated with crime or disorder or being used to support crime" (UK Parliament). The Act "mainly applies to England and Wales, and to Scotland, and is designed to control all forms of gambling" (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.). The Act only entered into force in September 2007 (Sprecher Grier Halberstam LLP). "Some provisions of the bill faced controversy, particularly in its original form, where it would have allowed large numbers of so-called 'super casinos' to have been set up" (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.). "The Act also specifically regulates internet gambling for the first time" (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.). The law was basically aimed at restricting other activities but it has paved way for more casinos in Britain. Particularly, it will allow casinos with up to 1250 slot machines and unlimited jackpots. (BBC News). The Facts on Gambling Upon the announcement of the Bill, BBC News made an investigation about the status of gambling in UK and the gambling habits of Britons in 2002. In 2002, it was found out that "Six out of ten adults in the UK spend up to 50 each month gambling on sporting events or the Lotto, according to government figure" and that "the industry is already worth 42bn a year" (BBC News). Some of the gambling activities subscribed by the British are Lotto, Bingo, Slot Machines, Casinos, Betting and Internet Betting. It is estimated that "more than 30 million people regularly buy a ticket for the Lotto" with around 4.983 million tickets sold in the years 2000-2001 according to the National Lottery Commission (BBC News). "The UK

Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Relationship - Essay Example All of us, more often than not, have been subject to peer pressure in workplace. So, through this topic I wanted to explain some of the stages that many people like me have to go through to develop a good relation with a coworker who is intent on degrading you. I would be telling about the starting of our relationship, the enmity and back-stabbing challenges, the effect it had on both our lives and then the friendship. A new job just like a new relation bring excitement with it. But that balloon of excitement is punctured when you make an enemy on a very first day, either by choice or coincidence. There would always be someone in the workplace who would not exactly appreciate you. Similarly there was this person who was a few months senior but pretending to be my boss. I always thought he appreciated my work that is why I used to get ‘a lot’ of work but soon I realized he was bullying me into doing his work. I confronted him and it got loud. A point to remember is that insulting someone always put a huge negative pressure on a relation. So then it started him making fun of me in front of everyone or anyone. And me messing with his work, but one day I went too far and almost got him fired. That brought me back to my senses and as an ‘I am sorry’ present I did a particularly hard project for him as he was having some personal issue. I did it out of remorse but it touched a vital cord in his heart. And from then onwards all enmity and jealousy ceased to exist. So, the journey from enmity to a lifelong friendship made me realize that workplace stress due to peer pressure is something we can help if we try. My coworker and I became lifelong friends not because I helped him in need, but because we made an effort to stop the enmity, jealousy and back stabbing for a more comfortable environment. So, I rephrase my first question,

Socrates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Socrates - Essay Example As Cornelia de Vogel said, â€Å"The ‘real’ Socrates we have not: what we have is a set of interpretations each of which represents a ‘theoretically possible’ Socrates.† (de Vogel 1955). According to what is reported by Plato, Socrates was born to Sophroniscus, who is purported to be a stonemason and Phaenarete, who turned towards the profession of a midwife later on in her life. After the death of Sophroniscus, when Socrates was around 18 years old, Socrates’ mother remarried Chaeredemus who was the father of Patrocles, Socrates’ half-brother. Socrates was born at a time when literacy had become widespread among the males, with elementary schools teaching boys not only to read and write, but also gymnastics and music. So it is assumed that he also received formal education. Socrates was sent for the compulsory two years military training, after which he was on active duty in the army, fighting many a war and battles, as during this time too Athens was moving towards war with Sparta. Socrates fought in Potidaea, Spartolus, Delium, and finally, at Amphipolis, whereby he proved himself to be a brave and heroic soldier. It was during the last battle that he had the dialogue about the etymologies of words. After this battle, the treaty of Nicias between Athens and Sparta took place, which allowed Attica to flourish without any invasions. Socrates married around this time, when he also carried on with his dialogue about erotic love, democracy and mystery religion, a dialogue that would result in the participants being accused of sacrilege much later. Socrates wed Xanthippe, who is purported to be much younger than him and with whom he had three sons, their first born Lamprocles, named after Xanthippe’s father thus implying that Xanthippe’s father if not her family were more illustrious than Socrates’, Sophroniscus, named after Socrates’ father, and their youngest son was Menexenus. What Socrates

Developing Creativity for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Developing Creativity for Business - Essay Example Introduction: The concept of creativity involves using and organizing the known information and knowledge in bringing new and innovative ideas out of them. It actually leads to a better and improved understanding of a concept or idea that was existent but needed advancement and steps forward in using it for the betterment of the society as a whole. Maslow had considered his studies based on the concept of creativity and determined two different levels of creativity. Primary creativity according to him is a basis for a new innovation to discover something that would be different from the existent concept. Secondary creativity on the other hand was explained by him as an extension of any discovery that early researchers had made through their studies (Creativity and its importance in business, n.d.). The concept of creativity and innovation is more significant and needed in today’s businesses owing to the increasing levels of competitions among competitors in the world of busine ss. In order to stay ahead of the competitor companies in respect of technological advancements, facing new competitors, as well fulfill the demands and requirements of the customers, organizations need to focus on continuous change and creativity. In other sense, creativity leads to value addition to the service being provided by an organization towards their customers (Degraff, 2006, pp.1-2). Creativity thus involves the use of knowledge, concepts, technology, and business theories towards innovation of any idea for the benefit of the society as a whole. The following chart provides an idea of the concept of creativity as can be applied within an... Marks and Spencer: The Company and its Concept of Creativity Marks and Spencer (M&S) is a leading retailer in the United Kingdom with a very large customer base. The company offers the variety of products including clothing, home products, as well as food. While around 49 percent of the business deals with home products and clothing, the rest of the business provides its customers with the variety of high-quality food products. Also, the company has its focus on the environmental impacts and hence has its eco plan in concern. There are more than 700 retail stores of M&S in the UK itself spreading across the high streets, stations, airports, and other locations. The company is focused on improving its business by serving its customers through original and high-quality products. Their primary creativity lies in their trying to present to the world the products that are unique to their company that they term as ‘Only at M&S. Marks and Spencer is known to be successful for its innovations that the management of the company is concerned about . The status of the company’s success can be learnt from the financial results of the company that it has achieved based on its creative approaches. With the different models as discussed in the study as well as the creativity awareness program based on the problem solving cycle, it can be assumed that the company’s fear might be overcome.If the company plans to provide its customers with online facilities with huge discounts on products, the company also needs to focus on the fact that all customers do not shift to the facility thus affecting the sales of the company.

Crash Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crash - Assignment Example However, the reality is that most of us end up harboring racism inside, without letting anyone be aware of it. It is so well hidden that sometimes even we are unaware of it. The racism has its own way of coming out, for instance, in the case of an accident, if one of the drivers is a woman, most of us will automatically make the sexist remark about how women cannot drive. Just like Ria does in the movie when she is involved in an accident with an Asian woman, most of us end up letting our prejudices get the better of us when we are involved in an altercation of any sort. Though, normally, we are unaware that such prejudices reside within us. Interestingly enough, I feel, we cannot blame this trend on lack of education. Our educational system, we think, ends our prejudices, or at least weeds them out. What we are unaware of, however, is that most of the time our bigotry is latent within us, despite the refinement and education we undergo. Our inner instincts are sometimes witness to the fact that we do harbor biases within us. In Crash, Jean Cabot, who is the wife of the local District Attorney, and a very educated and cultured woman, still reaches out for her husband’s arm for protection only because she sees two black men crossing her path. This brings us to stereotyping. I feel stereotyping is wrong, no matter what the generality. There are no positive stereotypes. When we lump up a group of people together based on the color of their skin, or their gender, or any other outward appearance, we are, essentially, showing that a bias exists in our minds. We make an image, often unrealistic, in our minds about all of the people of a certain gender, or class, and then judge everyone by it. A case in point would be the way all of us tend to indulge in blonde jokes – jokes about blonde women, and how dimwitted they are. The reality

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Economics - Essay Example The works by Prebisch (1947; 1949) and Singher (1950) attempted to explain economic growth based on the differences in products produced by different nations. The less developed nations according to these theories have to purchase the manufactured goods from the Northern nations at prices in excess of what of what they get for selling their primary goods (to the Northern nations). This ultimately adversely affects the economic growth of the less developed nations and thus they remain less developed (Todaro, 2003). These theories thus argue for promoting import-substituting policies for economic growth. Alternative theories by Harrod (1939) and advanced by Kregel (1980) capture the dynamics of economic growth by assuming that it is determined endogenously by the saving and investment decisions of firms. In this model, the growth rates put forward are actual, warranted and natural growth rates. Based on this approach, the long run growth rate is determined by the closed economy social saving rate rather than net exports. However, this model has been criticised for showing the possibility of unstable growth in a capitalist economy (Moudud, 2000). It has been shown that though there can be instability to some extent for the growth path, its extent is restricted by many endogenous factors in a capitalist economy (Moudud, 2000). 3. Conclusion In this essay, the discussion shows that low savings rate alone cannot explain the differences between developed and developing nations. By improving saving rates alone, developing nations cannot catch up with the West. Many other factors discussed above determine the differences between these nations. 1. Introduction The relationship between free trade and economic growth has been a topic of debate for the academicians and policy makers in the recent years. In this essay, the arguments for and against free trade are discussed. 2. Arguments for and Against Free Trade Greater availability of cheaper goods from abroad will lower t he domestic price level, since the consumption bundle used to compute broad inflation measures includes imported goods. The magnitude of this effect depends on the share of imports in the consumption bundle of the representative household.Also as the economy opens up the shocks to the price level due to the domestic farm sector; output fluctuations are likely to ease which may diminish the price fluctuations (Jin, 2000 etc). As per the Dutch disease hypothesis (Collier and Gunning, 1999) and the political economy models (Alesina and Perotti, 1994), trade openness can affect fiscal deficits through the instability of government revenue. First, countries with an outward-looking strategy have higher levels of competition, are less corrupt (Ades and Di Tella, 1999) and have higher fiscal balances and lower fiscal deficit. Second, trade openness increases income inequalities which enhances the demand of public goods (Alesina and Perotti, 1994) and, simultaneously, reduces the ability of governments to collect taxes. Third, trade policy could reduce government revenue in the short run (Bean, 1999), which could occur when increases in openness result from a reduction in tariffs. However, for a given level of tariffs, government revenue from taxes is an increasing function of trade openness. Thus, in the

Developing Creativity for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Developing Creativity for Business - Essay Example Introduction: The concept of creativity involves using and organizing the known information and knowledge in bringing new and innovative ideas out of them. It actually leads to a better and improved understanding of a concept or idea that was existent but needed advancement and steps forward in using it for the betterment of the society as a whole. Maslow had considered his studies based on the concept of creativity and determined two different levels of creativity. Primary creativity according to him is a basis for a new innovation to discover something that would be different from the existent concept. Secondary creativity on the other hand was explained by him as an extension of any discovery that early researchers had made through their studies (Creativity and its importance in business, n.d.). The concept of creativity and innovation is more significant and needed in today’s businesses owing to the increasing levels of competitions among competitors in the world of busine ss. In order to stay ahead of the competitor companies in respect of technological advancements, facing new competitors, as well fulfill the demands and requirements of the customers, organizations need to focus on continuous change and creativity. In other sense, creativity leads to value addition to the service being provided by an organization towards their customers (Degraff, 2006, pp.1-2). Creativity thus involves the use of knowledge, concepts, technology, and business theories towards innovation of any idea for the benefit of the society as a whole. The following chart provides an idea of the concept of creativity as can be applied within an... Marks and Spencer: The Company and its Concept of Creativity Marks and Spencer (M&S) is a leading retailer in the United Kingdom with a very large customer base. The company offers the variety of products including clothing, home products, as well as food. While around 49 percent of the business deals with home products and clothing, the rest of the business provides its customers with the variety of high-quality food products. Also, the company has its focus on the environmental impacts and hence has its eco plan in concern. There are more than 700 retail stores of M&S in the UK itself spreading across the high streets, stations, airports, and other locations. The company is focused on improving its business by serving its customers through original and high-quality products. Their primary creativity lies in their trying to present to the world the products that are unique to their company that they term as ‘Only at M&S. Marks and Spencer is known to be successful for its innovations that the management of the company is concerned about . The status of the company’s success can be learnt from the financial results of the company that it has achieved based on its creative approaches. With the different models as discussed in the study as well as the creativity awareness program based on the problem solving cycle, it can be assumed that the company’s fear might be overcome.If the company plans to provide its customers with online facilities with huge discounts on products, the company also needs to focus on the fact that all customers do not shift to the facility thus affecting the sales of the company.

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Economics - Essay Example The works by Prebisch (1947; 1949) and Singher (1950) attempted to explain economic growth based on the differences in products produced by different nations. The less developed nations according to these theories have to purchase the manufactured goods from the Northern nations at prices in excess of what of what they get for selling their primary goods (to the Northern nations). This ultimately adversely affects the economic growth of the less developed nations and thus they remain less developed (Todaro, 2003). These theories thus argue for promoting import-substituting policies for economic growth. Alternative theories by Harrod (1939) and advanced by Kregel (1980) capture the dynamics of economic growth by assuming that it is determined endogenously by the saving and investment decisions of firms. In this model, the growth rates put forward are actual, warranted and natural growth rates. Based on this approach, the long run growth rate is determined by the closed economy social saving rate rather than net exports. However, this model has been criticised for showing the possibility of unstable growth in a capitalist economy (Moudud, 2000). It has been shown that though there can be instability to some extent for the growth path, its extent is restricted by many endogenous factors in a capitalist economy (Moudud, 2000). 3. Conclusion In this essay, the discussion shows that low savings rate alone cannot explain the differences between developed and developing nations. By improving saving rates alone, developing nations cannot catch up with the West. Many other factors discussed above determine the differences between these nations. 1. Introduction The relationship between free trade and economic growth has been a topic of debate for the academicians and policy makers in the recent years. In this essay, the arguments for and against free trade are discussed. 2. Arguments for and Against Free Trade Greater availability of cheaper goods from abroad will lower t he domestic price level, since the consumption bundle used to compute broad inflation measures includes imported goods. The magnitude of this effect depends on the share of imports in the consumption bundle of the representative household.Also as the economy opens up the shocks to the price level due to the domestic farm sector; output fluctuations are likely to ease which may diminish the price fluctuations (Jin, 2000 etc). As per the Dutch disease hypothesis (Collier and Gunning, 1999) and the political economy models (Alesina and Perotti, 1994), trade openness can affect fiscal deficits through the instability of government revenue. First, countries with an outward-looking strategy have higher levels of competition, are less corrupt (Ades and Di Tella, 1999) and have higher fiscal balances and lower fiscal deficit. Second, trade openness increases income inequalities which enhances the demand of public goods (Alesina and Perotti, 1994) and, simultaneously, reduces the ability of governments to collect taxes. Third, trade policy could reduce government revenue in the short run (Bean, 1999), which could occur when increases in openness result from a reduction in tariffs. However, for a given level of tariffs, government revenue from taxes is an increasing function of trade openness. Thus, in the

Prejudices in Our World Essay Example for Free

Prejudices in Our World Essay Both Brent Staples in â€Å"Black Men and Public Places† and Judith Cofer in â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† seem to be illustrating the prejudices some people have. They both explain how the way they look gets them treated by others. Brent Staples, because he is black in perceived as a criminal; Judith Cofer is a Latina and is mistaken for a waitress. Both stories give numerous examples of prejudice. In addition, each writer has a larger purpose, a deeper reason for writing their story: Brent Staples’ reason for writing his story is to express to the reader how these prejudices affected him as well as other black men all over the country and how society, not just white people fear young black males. Judith Cofer’s reason for writing her story is to us the misconceptions and stereotypes many people have of Latin women. Brent Staples begins his essay by saying, â€Å"My first victim was a woman—white, well dressed, probably in her late twenties. He makes it seem as if he really attacks this woman when the only crime he has committed is being black and taking a stroll late at night. No one seems to look at him as the person he really was at the time; a graduate student at the University of Chicago who as he puts it is a, â€Å"softy who is scarcely able to take a knife to a raw chicken—let alone hold one to a person’s throat†. He expresses the feeling of rage at always being perceived as a criminal. He describes how many people, no matter what color, react when he walks by. He tells up how people lock their car doors as he walks past them, how they cross the street, and how some women clutch onto their purses when they walk by him. Mr. Staples understands the fear as well as the real danger that everyone faces everyday however, he still feels alienated about constantly be perceived as a criminal. He talks about his childhood and being that he grew up in a rough town in Pennsylvania he never fully realized the fear that people felt towards young black males. In his conclusion paragraphs, he tell us that he has learned to smother the rage that he felt at always being perceived as a criminal as well as telling us that he has taken some precautions to make himself more approachable. He gives people space so that they do not feel threatened by him as well as whistling to reduce tension. I do not believe that someone should change who they are to put others at ease nevertheless, people will always have some sort of fear no matter what one does, prejudice will always exist. Similarly to Brent Staples, Judith Cofer starts her essay by telling us about an incident that happened to her on a bus in England, where a young man approached her and began singing â€Å"Maria† from West Side Story. She tells us of other situations where people have looked at her as being â€Å"easy† and as a teenager, her friends and their mothers felt that the cloths she wore were, â€Å"too mature and flashy†. Judith Cofer’s main theme is to show the misconceptions as well as the stereotypes people have of Latin women. She uses examples like how the media uses certain words to describe Latin women, words like: hot tamale, sizzling, and smoldering; how, many Latin women that work in factories are victims of sexual harassment and that people think they are maids or waitresses. She expresses feelings of anger and discontent because of how Latin women as well as she are treated by people. One of the incidents that affected her the most was when she went to a luncheon to read one of her poems an older woman mistook her for a waitress and tries to order a cup of coffee from her. She says she understands that the woman was not intentionally trying to be cruel yet; she became very angry at the woman. In her conclusion Cofer that she is one of the lucky Latinas, many of them do not have the privilege to receive and education or have the accesses to society that she has. She says, â€Å"For them life is as constant struggle against the misconceptions perpetuated by the myth of the Latina. † Cofer wants to replace the stereotypes with the realities of Latin women. She also tells us of a poem that she wrote where it seems to me that she is kind of ribbing society. Reflecting on both their private lives as men and women and on the public lives as reveled in the headnotes to both stories; we can see that Staples and Cofer today are successful writers. Staples has written for the Chicago Sun-Times, Chicago magazine, Down Beat magazine, Ms. , New York Times Magazine, and Harper’s; he continues to try and shed light on racism and violence in our world. Cofer has written many books, she is an award winning poet, and is currently the Franklin professor of English and Creative Writing at The University of Georgia; she continues to try to do away with the stereotypes of Latin women through her writing. These two writers are trying to show us that stereotypes and prejudice are not just jokes that we tell each and laugh about, but rather they can and will hurt those being stereotyped. The racist jokes, thoughts, and stereotypes we hear have a bigger impact than to makes us laugh or be fearful, they help to spread racism. We need to try and look deeper and the color of someone skin; we are all human, we all have our strengths, we all have our weaknesses, but we cannot let one of our weaknesses be our susceptibility to take part in racism not matter how good natured we may think it is.

Antisocial Personality Disorder: Causes, Effects, Treatment

Antisocial Personality Disorder: Causes, Effects, Treatment Antisocial Personality Disorder Crystal Fulp Antisocial Personality Disorder Personality disorders affect many people in society, but are understood by few. Personality disorders are defined as a deeply ingrained, maladaptive and specific problem behavior or pattern. Such problem patterns typically manifest themselves by early adolescence and have an impairing impact on the person’s functioning in life with a particular emphasis on the impact that such disorders have on their relationships and quality of life (Comer, 2014). There are a total of ten personality disorders that have been categorized into three distinct clusters. Disorders under the first cluster (cluster A) are said to be odd personality disorders because they cause people to exhibit behaviors that can be seen as â€Å"odd† or â€Å"eccentric†. Disorders listed under the second cluster (cluster B) are said to be dramatic personality disorders because they cause people to exhibit overly dramatic, emotional, or aggressive behaviors. Disorders listed under the final cluster (cl uster C) are said to be anxious personality disorders because they cause people to behave in overly anxious or fearful ways (Comer, 2014). All ten of the personality disorders can be devastating, but the dramatic personality disorders are marked by behaviors that are overly dramatic, emotional, and/or aggressive. The dramatic personality disorders are more commonly diagnosed than any other personality disorder. However, the antisocial personality and borderline personality disorders have gained more attention from researchers because the actions of those diagnosed tend to effect more people (Comer, 2014). The remainder of this discussion will cover the Antisocial Personality Disorder in detail. The disorder will be defined along with the most common symptom configurations, which will lead to a discussion about the historical and current etiological causes of the disorder. The final portion of the discussion will cover treatment modalities. Definition of Disorder Symptom Configuration Antisocial personality disorder is defined as exhibiting a pervasive pattern of behavior where someone disregards and violates the rights of others (APA 2013). This disorder can only be diagnosed if the patient/client exhibits behaviors that satisfy certain criterion. The criterion used to diagnose this disorder is as follows: Source: (APA, 2013) The essential feature of Antisocial Personality Disorder is exhibiting a complete disregard for the rights of others that lead to a violation of the aforementioned rights (APA, 2013). People with Antisocial personality disorder are very deceitful and manipulative. They will go to extravagant lengths in order to control others or get them to do what it is they want them to do. These people also exhibit an inability to plan ahead and a lack a moral conscience. Simply put, these people do not feel remorse if their actions cause any harm or discomfort to other people. They tend to rationalize their behaviors by saying, â€Å"They were stupid for doing that, so they deserved what they got† or something similar (Comer, 2014). People with this disorder may also exhibit consistent irresponsible behaviors such as failing to obtain and keep employment, paying child support, paying off debts, or even appropriately caring for themselves or others (including their own children or spouses). It’s important to note that these behaviors must not be confused with the antisocial behaviors exclusive to schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (APA, 2014). It’s also common for people who suffer from this disorder to be more likely to exhibit criminal behavior than others. In fact, a study found that at least thirty percent of incarcerated individuals exhibit symptoms consistent with Antisocial Personality Disorder (Comer, 2014). They are also much more likely to abuse alcohol or other controlled substances. In fact, people with Antisocial Personality Disorder are much more likely to participate in risky behaviors than the average population (Comer, 2014) Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Case Example It can be hard to imagine what this disorder would look like in the real world. Imagine a twenty-two year old man named Jacob. Jacob is currently serving a five year sentence in a minimum security penitentiary for assault and felony larceny. Jacob has a long disciplinary record both inside and outside of the prison. Since he’s been incarcerated he’s been involved in numerous physical altercations and is known to be irritable and prone to exhibiting aggressive behavior when it’s not appropriate. He’s also been cited for possessing drugs and alcohol inside the prison (Black, 1999; Comer, 2014; Oliviera-Souz et al., 2008). Jacob is being referred to the prison psychologist because of his most recent offense. In the past month he has been found guilty of an assault during which he beat a fellow inmate with a lunch tray. When the psychologist asked Jacob why he reacted that way he said, â€Å"He shouldn’t have been in my way. He got what he deserved.† Jacob didn’t exhibit any guilt or remorse for what he had done. Fallowing this discussion Jacob told the psychologist about his actions as a teenager. Jacob admitted to being involved in criminal activities and consuming alcohol while underage. He also admitted to breaking into places and selling controlled substances. He went on to talk about how he used to hurt animals. When asked if he felt bad about it he responded that he didn’t and viewed it as more of a game than anything else (Black, 1999; Comer, 2014; Oliviera-Souz et al., 2008). Over the next few months, the psychologist notices that Jacob often acts without thinking of the consequences and treats his criminality as a game of wit. He’s also highly irresponsible and lacks a moral conscience as indicated by his past and present crimes. The psychologist concludes that Jacob is exhibiting behaviors consistent with Antisocial Personality Disorder and refers to him to the prison’s treatment program (Black, 1999; Comer, 2014; Oliviera-Souz et al., 2008). Causes of Antisocial Personality Disorder General Information about Causes There doesn’t seem to be a single cause of Antisocial Personality Disorder. In fact, there seem to be many different possibilities presented from many different angles, especially in relations to genetics and certain environmental factors. For the sake of time, this discussion will focus on the behavioral/cognitive and biological perspectives on this disorder. However, it seems important to note that lower socioeconomic status has been correlated with the development of this disorder (APA, 2013). Common Biological Perspectives Genetics plays an important role in the development of Antisocial Personal Disorder. People who had parents who were diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder are much more likely to develop the disorder themselves (APA, 2013). Researchers have also found serotonin levels to be correlated with Antisocial Personality Disorder (Black, 2014). However, this finding really isn’t that surprising when one considers that significantly lower serotonin levels have been found in regards to other psychological disorders such as depression (Comer, 2014). Behavior/Cognitive Causes of Antisocial Personality Disorder There are many possible behavioral causes of Antisocial Personality disorder. However, behavioral researchers believe that there is a correlation between antisocial personality behaviors and modeling. Simply put, these researchers believe that children can learn antisocial behaviors from their parents (Comer, 2014). After all, children learn from watching the people around them and then imitating that behavior (as indicated by Bandura’s Social Learning Theory). Furthermore, researchers have also found a correlation between antisocial behaviors and people who had lived in violent households. It has been found that children who lived in households where violence and aggression was a common occurrence are more likely to exhibit antisocial behaviors than children who didn’t grow up in violent and/aggressive households. Children who lived with parents who abused alcohol and/or controlled substances have also been found to be more likely to exhibit antisocial behaviors (Black , 2014). It’s also important to note that child abuse has been correlated with the development of antisocial personality disorder. Simply put, children who are abused are much more likely to exhibit antisocial behaviors than children who weren’t abused (Black, 2014). This research indicates that parental modeling and disturbed or volatile environments could be connected with the development of Antisocial Personality Disorder. Cognitive theorists point to society’s individualism and egocentrism as a possible cause. People with Antisocial Personality Disorder have attitudes that continually trivialize the needs of others (Elwood et al., 2004). There is an argument among cognitive researchers that these attitudes are much more prevalent in society than people believe them to be (Comer, 2014). Differential Diagnosis Considerations for Antisocial Personality Disorder Personality Traits People with Antisocial Personality Disorder exhibit very specific personality traits. These personality traits serve to help them achieve their ends at whatever cost as they are only concerned with their own wants/needs. People with this disorder have been known to exhibit a complete lack of empathy (APA, 2013). They may also be callous and cynical. People with this disorder may also have an inflated or arrogant self appraisal along with being cocky and opinionated. These people tend to have a superficial charm that draws people and can appear to be very intelligent and informed to others (APA, 2013) Ages and Populations Effected In order to be diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder one must be at least eighteen years of age, however, antisocial behaviors consistent with conduct disorders must be present prior to fifteen years of age. Antisocial behaviors consistent with conducts disorders include aggression towards people or animals, theft, deceitfulness, destruction of property, or rule violations (APA, 2013). These behaviors violate the social norms of adolescence’s aged fifteen and under and as such a history of such behaviors is required to diagnose someone with Antisocial Personality Disorder. This disorder typically develops by late adolescence or early adulthood. One interesting phenomena related to this disorder is that the symptoms usually even out by forty years of age. That would mean that this disorder begins to develop in one’s adolescence, peek in their mid-twenties and thirties, and decrease in intensity by age forty. It’s also important to note that men are much m ore likely to be diagnosed with this disorder than women (APA, 2013). Dual Diagnosis Patterns Diagnosing Antisocial Personality Disorder can be very tricky under the best circumstances. A diagnosis is only given to someone who is at least eighteen years of age and has a history of behaviors indicative of conduct disorders. In the event that an adult doesn’t meet the criteria to be diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder they may be diagnosed with a conduct disorder (APA, 2013). Diagnosing this disorder is made even more difficult when substance abuse is involved. In these cases, a diagnosis is only given if there is a history of antisocial behaviors in the client/patient’s adolescence and childhood. If both the substance abuse and the antisocial personality behaviors existed together in childhood then it’s necessary to evaluate the client/patient for both substance abuse disorder and antisocial personality disorder (APA, 2013). Clinicians should also keep in mind that the features of Antisocial Personality Disorder are similar to that of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. This diagnosis can only be given if the antisocial behaviors aren’t exclusive to either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. To that end, the criterion for this disorder can be easily confused with other disorders, so it’s important to pay close attention to the patient’s history (or lack thereof) of antisocial behaviors (APA, 2013). Treatment Modalities for Antisocial Personality Disorder Treating personality disorders can be very difficult to do. In relation to Antisocial Personality Disorder the available treatments range from being completely ineffective to only moderately effective, this doesn’t result in an overly positive prognosis (Comer, 2014). There are currently three treatments available for this disorder. One form of treatment is medications. Certain therapies have also been shown to be somewhat effective in treating this disorder, specifically cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) and psychotherapy (Comer, 2014). Using medications to treat any psychological disorder is a trial and error process at best. Using psychotropic drugs to treat Antisocial Personality Disorder is no different. At this point, the Food and Drug Administration (ADA) has not approved any drug to be used to treat this disorder specifically (Mayo Clinic, 2013). However, psychiatrists have found that some drugs can help alleviate the symptoms of this disorder. These drugs tend to be the atypical (newer) antipsychotic drugs. These drugs have been found to be moderately effective in some clients/patients (Comer, 2014). Psychotherapy, otherwise known as talk therapy can also be used to help treat this disorder; however, this treatment approach isn’t effective in all situation and patients/clients. In fact, this treatment approach will only be effective if the patient/client realizes and/or admits that they contribute to their own problems. This type of therapy can be administered in a clinical one-on-one setting or in a group setting (Mayo Clinic, 2013). Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) has been shown to be moderately effective in the treatment of Antisocial Personality Disorder (Hoermann, Zupannick, Dombeck, 2014). Cognitive/behavior theorists argue that the only way to change dysfunctional behavior is to change the dysfunctional thought behind it. After all, according to cognitive-behavior theories one’s cognitions lead to their behaviors be them good or bad. CBT not only focuses on changing dysfunctional thoughts, but it also seeks to challenge the dysfunctional core beliefs underlying their dysfunctional thought patterns (Hoermann, Zupannick, Dombeck, 2014). CBT therapists work with people on accurately interpreting the world around them and then changing or redirecting dysfunctional thought patterns (Hoermann, Zupannick, Dombeck, 2014). For people with Antisocial Personality Disorder, CBT would involve trying to help these patients/clients develop impulse control and a moral conscience (Comer, 2014). The problem with treating this disorder is that the people who have it aren’t very likely to seek treatment out for themselves because they don’t see their behavior as a problem (Comer, 2014). In fact, most people with this disorder that are in treatment originally went to see a mental health professional for a different reason entirely. There are also a large number of people with this disorder who don’t receive treatment until forced to by the criminal justice system as a part of their probation/parole or incarceration programs (Comer, 2014). Antisocial Personality Disorder Construct Antisocial Personality Disorder is one of the most commonly researched personality disorders, but there is still much to be discovered (Comer, 2014). For instance, the DSM-V states that the symptoms of this disorder tend to level out by forty years of age (APA, 2013). Why does that occur? Do certain neurochemicals, such as serotonin behave differently by age forty? The DSM-V also states that the criminality present in those with this disorder can sometimes be confused with â€Å"normal† criminal behavior (criminal behavior not associated with this disorder specifically). Other than the criterion listed, what criterion can clinicians use to help differentiate the two? This may be my own point of view only, but the criterion used to diagnose this disorder seems convoluted and easily confused with the criterion for other mental disorders (APA, 2013). Conclusion Antisocial Personality Disorder is a very serious personality disorder that can have devastating consequences for those who have it. This disorder makes it hard to do basic things, such as form and maintain healthy relationships and stay within the boundaries of both society and the law (APA, 2014). Unfortunately, most people don’t realize that it’s a problem until they are either incarcerated or forced into treatment by judges. Even then most people don’t consider it to be a problem and the disorder in general is made difficult to treat because of the personality traits and attitudes of the people who have it (Comer, 2014). What is clear is that more research needs to be done in the hope that further research can uncover a more suitable treatment method that will greatly increase the quality of life for people who have this disorder. References American Psychiatric Association, American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. Black,D.W., Larson,C.L. (1999). Bad boys, bad men: Confronting antisocial personality disorder. New York: Oxford University Press. Black,D. (2014). What Causes Antisocial Personality Disorder? RetrievedApril15, 2014, from http://psychcentral.com/lib/what-causes-antisocial-personality-disorder/000652 Comer,R.J. (2014). Abnormal psychology. New York, NY: Worth Pub. Elwood,C.E., Poythress,N.G., Douglas,K.S. (2004). Evaluation of the Hare P-SCAN in a non-clinical population. Personality and Individual Differences. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00156-9 Hoermann,S., Zupannick,C., Dombeck,M. (2005). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Personality Disorders (CBT). RetrievedApril15, 2014, from http://sevencounties.org/poc/view_doc.php?type=docid=41578cn=8 Mayo Clinic (2013, April 12). Antisocial personality disorder Treatments and drugs. RetrievedApril15, 2014, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/antisocial-personality-disorder/basics/treatment/con-20027920 Oliveira-Souza,R.D., Moll,J., Ignà ¡cio,F.A., Hare,R.D. (2008). Psychopathy in a Civil Psychiatric Outpatient Sample. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35(4). doi:10.1177/0093854807310853

Euthanasia: The Right Choice Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Papers

Euthanasia: The Right Choice Works Cited Missing Dr. Kevorkian is a physician in Michigan. He is a well-known physician, although to some, he is known for the wrong reasons. He is known to most for assisting in the suicide of those who ask for help in their deaths. He has assisted in the suicide of over 140 people. This essay will discuss the financial benefits of allowing physician assisted suicide and euthanasia, doctors’ opinions on euthanasia, the consequences of Dr. Kevorkian’s actions, and why assisted suicide is the right choice for terminally ill people. Euthanasia is the patients’ choice and should be made legal in the United States and Dr. Kevorkian should not be sent to prison. When someone has no value of life, is miserable and suffering, and does not want to live that way anymore, should it not be their choice to end their life? The argument has been made that no one who is in any pain or suffering, has the right to end their life because â€Å"they don’t know what they’re saying,† but is that always the case? According to Somerville, â€Å"Western societies have rejected euthanasia as a solution for over two thousand years. Why, then, are we considering legalizing it now, especially when we can do so much more than in the past to relieve suffering?† (438). Most can understand the argument Somerville is making, however, if their pain and suffering was being taken care of, what reason would they have for death? According to Zyl, â€Å"Perhaps the most frequently heard argument in favor of legalizing active voluntary euthanasia is based upon the notion of patient autonomy and the right to self-determination† (11). The author argues that people have the right to make their own decisions and are capable of maki... ...port because they are a vegetable and can not do anything to live another day, is different. Physicians can not be allowed to kill someone who does not want to deal with life, suffering, and pain. New flash: Suffering and Pain are part of life and society today. Yes, it may seem like the easiest way out is to die, but death comes in time. If one has no value of life, it is their decision to die or to fight through their pain and continue life. If they choose to die, PAS should not be an option. Why make it easier on people, more will die. Suicide takes courage, many are too coward to do it, PAS allows cowards to say â€Å"Hey, I have no value of life; I know I could never kill myself, but someone else will, so I can be put out of my misery.† Physicians like Dr. Kevorkian allow these people to take the easy way out, they commit murder. There is no other way to express it.

Macbeth Comparison Essay :: essays research papers

Macbeth Comparison Essay A quote which really defines Lady Macbeth and Macbeth’s ambition regarding power is â€Å"Power does not corrupt men; fools; however, if they get into a position of power, corrupt power† George Bernard Shaw. Lady Macbeth is more ambitious in terms of gaining power then Macbeth is and that Lady Macbeth will do almost anything to gain power, even evil things that she normally wouldn’t do. This is shown when Macbeth and Lady Macbeth learn about the witches’ predictions, then roles in the plans to murder king Duncan in order to gain power and then finally after the murder, Macbeth doesn’t want to finish the plan making Lady Macbeth angry and causing a chance they might get caught and gain no power at all. Lady Macbeth shows more ambition then Macbeth does in terms of gaining power regarding kingship. When Macbeth finds out about the witches’ predictions and the first two coming true â€Å"Glamis, and thane of Cawdor: The greatest is behind† (1.3.124-125) meaning that he got a taste of power, making him thane of Glamis and thane of Cawdor making him more ambitious for the power to become king. Proving that he will do anything for power he decides that he is going to murder Duncan. When Lady Macbeth receives the letter from Macbeth learning about the witches’ predictions and that two of them came true already, she becomes very ambitious towards gaining power. She doesn’t believe that Macbeth will murder Duncan, so she makes a plan for the murder. Secondly Lady Macbeth shows more ambition then Macbeth does in terms of gaining power regarding kingship. When Macbeth does not want to murder Duncan anymore, for he recognizes that he is a kind man, good king and thinks Duncan should remain the king. Lady Macbeth however shows more ambition for power, becomes very upset upon learning how Macbeth feels how he doesn’t want to kill King Duncan anymore, she says â€Å"And Live a coward in thine own esteem† (1.7.46) meaning she’s calling him a coward for not wanting to kill Duncan and thereby gaining power. She convinces him to change his mind to want the power of kingship now, which can only be achieved by killing Duncan. Thirdly Lady Macbeth shows more ambition then Macbeth does in terms of gaining power regarding kingship. When Macbeth doesn’t care for power anymore and regrets killing Duncan. Thinking of the consequences he says â€Å"I’ll go no more: I am afraid to think what I have done;† (2.

Analysis of Loneliness in Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men Essay

John Steinbeck – the creator of the famous: Of Mice and Men, was born in 1902 in California; near Solidad. His family were quite wealthy, but he was interested in farm labouring, and this is how he materialised most of his stories. He wrote a number of novels about people that were farmers and yearned for better lifestyles including The Grapes of Wrath, which is a touching story about a family’s struggle to escape the dust bowl of the West to reach California. Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1962, six years before his death in 1968. The title of the novel: Of Mice and Men, originates from a poem made by a Scottish poet named; Robert Burn. It comes from the line that says: â€Å"The best laid schemes o’ Mice an’ Men, gang aft agley.† From using a translated version of the poem, I induced that this means: The best-laid plans of mice and men often go askew. People can have enormous dreams, that they continue to plan how to get towards, but things have a way of falling apart and sometimes turning tragic. In my essay, I am going to talk about the main characters in Of Mice and Men, and I will discuss how each of the characters befriends loneliness. Of Mice and Men is one of the spectacular novella’s which was written by John Steinbeck. It is about two men that go travelling together that come across many unworldly experiences. The first of the two men: Lennie Small – a large man – in contrast to his name, has broad shoulders and a large body frame. His companion, George Milton, is quite opposite, he is small and slim. Lennie also has a disability; this is the main reason why the two men go travelling ‘together’. George is the brainpower of the two men and is a man that is just trying to live a normal life and earn a living. The novella starts when Lennie and George are escaping a place called Weed due to Lennie’s liking for touching things that are ‘soft’. Lennie likes the look of a woman’s dress, so feels the necessity to experiment. The woman believes that he is attacking her so she runs away and alerts the lynch mob of the area. Lennie and George are forced into hiding till the lynch mob finally retreats. Then, they decide to start a new life, and so the phenomenal story begins. Two migrant workers: Lennie Small and George Milton, come to a ranch in Soledad to â€Å"work up a stake†. They hope one day to fulfil their shared dream of settling down on their own land. Lennie’s part of the dream is never forgotten throughout the short novel – which is to have soft rabbits that he can tend. The quick-witted George thinks of a great plan if there is a repeat of what happened at Weed. He tells Lennie that he will not get to â€Å"tend the rabbits† if he gets into any trouble. The threat helps prolong the time that they get to work on the ranch. When they finally reach the ranch, their dream appears to become possible. Candy, the aged, one-handed ranch-hand, employs the idea that he can pitch in with George and Lennie so that they can buy their dream land by the end of the month. The dream is dismantled when George kills the attractive, wife of Curley, the ranch owner’s son, while trying to stroke her hair. A lynch mob led by Curley gathers. George decides to be practical and decides to spare Lennie from a painful death at the hands of the evil, antagonizing Curley, and his crew. George shoots Lennie in the back of this head before the mob can locate where they are. The shot comes while Lennie is distracted by one last retelling of the dream. At the beginning of the text, a sense of loneliness is emitted by John Steinbeck. He describes one of the men – George – to be walking in front of the other. After having been dropped off at the wrong destination, George and Lennie decide to walk the last few miles to the ranch. Steinbeck’s description of the way they walk inevitably shows the status of both men. Even without knowing that Lennie has a disability, we are notified that one of the men is superior to the other. George seems to have a higher profile to that of Lennie because George is walking in front of Lennie; steering Lennie’s movement. Lennie is walking behind George even though the place they are currently trudging is â€Å"open†. He appears to need a leader in order to arrive at a place successfully. This is a very extraordinary quality – although the path is wide enough for the two men to walk, one chooses to be guided by the other. The irony of this situation is that Lennie and George are together – yet are profoundly lonely. Lennie shows he needs creature comforts to aid his loneliness. When Lennie and George are walking towards the ranch, they stop to discuss what Lennie has taken from his side pocket. George is intrigued by this mysterious object and says, â€Å"What’d you take outta that pocket?† Lennie replies saying he has nothing in his pocket. He is afraid of losing his only solution to overcoming loneliness. Lennie does not have the ability to engage in discussions with people, so finds another way to entertain him self and finds an animal for a replacement. With animal company, he feels that he is happy and content. Lennie does not want to lose his only diversion for loneliness on account of George’s worries. Lennie’s loneliness is apparent when he starts to copy the actions of his fellow comrade, George. John Steinbeck writes: â€Å"Lennie, who had been watching, imitated George exactly. He pushed himself back drew up his knees, embraced them, looked over to George to see whether he had it just right. He pulled his hat down a little more over his eyes, the way George’s hat was.† The two men stop by a river bank to quench their thirst. Lennie, the bigger of the two men, can not think for him self, because of his disability, so takes to copying his friend to show him how to do things. This is an indicator that Lennie does not really have a personality, he is always doing what everyone around him is doing. Therefore, a sense of loneliness is shown through the way Lennie acts. George shows his disappointment in the lifestyle he is currently living. After George tells Lennie instructions on what to do when they get to the ranch, George ponders how his life would be without Lennie. He â€Å"crossed his hands under his head†. This gesture confirms that George is looking up at the sky thinking about something; in this case – life without the â€Å"trouble†. George talks about the possible lifestyle he could have leaded if he never had to worry about Lennie, saying: â€Å"I could get along so easy and so nice if I didn’t have you on my tail.† This suggests that Lennie believes without his companion, he would have lived a ‘normal,’ happy, life, without having anything, or anyone to worry about. If Lennie did not follow George around everywhere like he were George’s â€Å"tail,† George assumes that he might have been able to make something out of his life. George then goes on to say, â€Å"I could live so easy and maybe have a girl.† George repeats the word easy, showing he feels strongly that his standard of living is ultimately never near to easy. He even imagines that he would be in a relationship if he had not chosen to look after Lennie. On the whole, George considers Lennie to be a constraint in his life, and that without this ‘constraint’ he would have lead a better life. John Steinbeck uses animals as well as humans to show loneliness throughout the story. Intelligently, he chooses to use snakes as a form of isolation. Snakes are very good at displaying loneliness because most water snakes are not usually found in groups. So he chose to use a snake for background loneliness, as oppose to the characters. John Steinbeck writes that the water snake, â€Å"slipped along on the pool† and its head was: â€Å"held up like a little periscope.† From this quotation, I can see that Steinbeck was trying to show that the snake might have been looking for company, and so, it perched its head up hopefully, with the intention of finding anything else that was stirring in the lake. It is confirmed that the old swamper has nothing to do in his spear time. When Lennie and George arrive at the ranch, they start talking to a man that has come to greet them. The two newcomers to the ranch are disgusted by the object lying around the bunk house that indicates the ranch has many faults. After noticing a can that is utilized for killing insects, George begins to worry about the health and safety at their new work place. George says indignantly, â€Å"What the hell kind of bed you giving us anyways we don’t want no pants rabbits.† The challenging remark makes the old swamper retaliate immediately because he is given the chance to socialize with new ranch workers, and he feels it is a great opportunity to make new friends. The old swamper states, â€Å"Last guy that had this bed was a black smith – hell of a nice fella and as clean a guy as you want to meet†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The old swamper is lonely and because of this factor, he has found an occasion when people are actually interested in what he has to say. Therefore, to keep them listening to him, he takes upon telling them stories about different people to keep them in range of conversation. The Old swamper starts talking about all of the men on the ranch. This shows he has been lonely for quite a while and so has not had the chance to gossip about all the men and their lifestyles. Now he has people to talk to that are not associated with the ranch, he uses them to discuss all of the workers on the ranch because he feels he wants to get it off his mind so that he can relax. (He is fit to burst with useless information that he never got to tell anyone). When Lennie and George go to meet the boss and hand him their work slips, Lennie clearly feels left out because he has made a pact that he is not going to engage in any conversation with the boss since he will only spoil things for the two hard workers. George emphasizes that his friend is: â€Å"as strong as a bull.† Lennie feels it is appropriate for him to produce a smile and proudly repeats; â€Å"strong as a bull.† After saying this, he is warned by George. Steinbeck writes: â€Å"George scowled at him, and Lennie dropped his head at having forgotten.† Due to Lennie’s disability he is made to be left out in some situations. This is a very good example; George tells Lennie that he must not talk whilst they are in the mist of talking about their job status, and because Lennie was being commanded by George he feels he has to obey him. In obeying his close friend, (George) he has to be isolated from any conversations that include the Boss of the ranch. The old man with a dog is accused of listening to George and Lennie’s excited discussion. Panicking, George asks if he has heard anything. The old man replies saying: â€Å"A guy on a ranch don’t never listen nor he don’t ast no questions.† The elderly man examines a crucial point about the ranch workers. From this line, we are given the hint that all the men on the ranch are not aware of socializing. They work on the ranch single handed; working hard to get money to spend it foolishly or use it to buy treasures they have always wanted in their lonely lives to cure them of lonesomeness. After talking about Curley’s family tree, the swamper starts to talk about the relationship between Curley and his wife. The swamper is inexperienced in relationships and feels it is right to talk about this topic, especially because Curley’s is the Boss’s son. He wants to gossip about the Boss’s son to pass time, but also, to explain to his new friends -George and Lennie- that the Boss and his family are not perfect. Curley is the main example of why the family is not very close and idealistic. In other words, the old swamper wants to get the point across that the ranch workers are not the only people on the ranch that have to put up with loneliness, and so the Boss’s family are also human, even though they are richer than the â€Å"ranch hands.† George implanted the idea in Lennie’s head that if he ever does anything inhumane, he is not going to be able to â€Å"tend the rabbits† when they finally get their dream land and house. Every time Lennie does something slightly wrong, he becomes sad, because he has child-like thoughts, he is disheartened sourly by the fact that he will not get access to these soft and ‘happy’ animals. This shows his loneliness is deep within him. Even though he does not always show his depression – due to loneliness, like the other men, the way he reacts to George’s encore of: â€Å"if you get into any kind of trouble, you remember what I told you to do,† shows how desperate Lennie is to â€Å"tend the rabbits† – to keep him sane! Slim, the ‘prince’ of the ranch, describes George and Lennie as, â€Å"kinda funny.† This demonstrates that the men on the ranch do not really know how it is like to have a travelling companion. Slim declares that, â€Å"Hardly none of the guys travel together.† The isolation is clear because if none of the men are seen traveling with company, this means that none of the men have ever had a real friendship. However, George and Lennie are different – because they travel together, they stand out and defy the normal â€Å"ranch hands† behavior. George is forced to play solitaire to overcome boredom. The way in which this expresses loneliness is that George is playing a card game that is made for one person only. This shows his isolation from other’s company. The loneliness of Carlson makes him become selfish, as he resorts to killing Candy’s old dog. He does not like the idea of anyone having a companion, so makes the excuse that the dog is causing too much catastrophe by just existing. He says he does not know â€Å"nothing that stinks bad as an old dog.† The way he comprehends this sentence suggests that Carlson does not really mind about the smell coming from the dog because he is categorizing all dogs. This indicates that he feels dogs in general smell; technically, he is not really pin-pointing the idea that Candy’s dog is causing him grief. Therefore, Carlson is only killing the dog because he does not want anyone to have a companion, or he is mercy-killing the dog due to the suffering that the dog might be enduring. In this frame of mind, he might only want to kill the dog to save Candy from the grief when the dog dies naturally. As a result of the killing of the dog, Carlson achieves totalizing the loneliness surrounding the ranch workers. George illustrates how the ranch workers live their ‘normal’ day-to-day lives. He states, â€Å"I seen the guys that go around on the ranches alone. That ain’t no good. They don’ have no fun. After a long time they get mean. They get wantin’ to fight all the time.† From this quotation, we are painted a clear image of how the ranch workers live. The loneliness in the ranch goes around the workers, making them all aggressive and angry. The seclusion of the way the â€Å"ranch hands† live turns all the men bitter and this is how fights break out. All the men walk around the ranch gloomy and bored, so they start fights to pass time, and beat boredom. George confronts Lennie about separating the puppy from his mother saying: â€Å"take this pup back to the nest. He’s gotta sleep with his mother.† Lennie always needs comfort and closure and gets this from animals. He was brought up by his aunt Clara, but she soon died. Because Lennie’s mother abandoned him as a young child, Lennie does not understand why the puppy needs to be with its mother. He does not understand the motherly bond that a child and mother have, or that a puppy and its mother have. We are first fully introduced to Candy when he is questioned about the preference of his â€Å"ancient dog†. Carlson tells him that it is about time that the dog is killed, for his own good, and for the sake of the ranch workers. Carlson is starting to get annoyed by the smell of the old dog, so insists that the dog must be killed on the day. Carlson confronts Candy saying, â€Å"why’n’t you shoot him, Candy?† Without having to think of a come back, Candy immediately retorts saying, â€Å"Well-hell! I had him so long. Had him since he was a pup.† Candy has had his dog since the dog was a puppy, and also mentions that the dog is almost like family; this shows his loyalty and dedication to the mammal. The dog has become his only friend since he has had it for a long time. Candy’s only continuous friend is his dog. When Carlson shows were the shot of the gun will be directed, Candy replies again, without thinking saying, â€Å"No, I couldn’ do that. I had ‘im too long.† Because Candy has had his dog for a lengthy time, he feels that it is hard for his only friend go. He has become emotionally involved with the dog – the dog is a part of him. This is why he is so reluctant to letting the dog go. A while after Candy’s dog is taken away from him to get slaughtered. Candy, even though he does not know George and Lennie, wants to collaborate to get the hose. He would rather buy land with people that he does not know, than go back to living his life suffering from the illness known to many of the ranch hands as – loneliness. After Candy has finished mourning the death of his old dog, he starts to listen to George and Lennie’s discussion about the land they want to buy. He realizes he is not of any additional help to the ranch, and thinks it is time for him to find another location to live a life that is relaxing and that does not consist of too much laborious work. Hopefully, Candy suggests, â€Å"S’pose I went in with you guys.† He believes he has a chance to get away from the ranch, and grabs it at all corners. Candy decides there is nothing left for him at the ranch and it is his time to leave; knowing he will have a better life living elsewhere. The irony of the situation is that in the end of the story, George ends up killing his partner that was supposed to be getting the shared dream house and land. Candy might have therefore, filled the spot of Lennie, even though the bond would not be as good as the bond of Lennie and George. Whitt is introduced when he is talking about a magazine that he purchases; he explains, â€Å"I think your mag is the best dime’s worth I ever spent.† Whitt talks about a person called Bill that worked on the ranch previously. Whitt is lonely and is deduced to gossiping about other people to relieve his boredom. Because of the rarity of friendship on the ranch, Whitt wants to keep the magazine to hold on to his old friend – Bill. He feels he has companionship because his friend’s letter was published in a letter and he was the only person that talked to Bill about the letter before it did not even exist in the eyes of the public. Curley’s wife likes to draw attention to her self in order to get company to socialize. She comes into the bunk house â€Å"fully made up† and wearing red nail polish, asking about her husband. She looks like this because she wants to grab the interest of the men, thus getting their full awareness and successfully managing to converse. Her husband Curley does not talk to her because they are both always looking for each other. So Curley’s wife needs to find other people to talk to. Throughout the story, Curley’s wife is never given a real name; she is always referred to as Curley’s wife. She has become a possession of Curley. They suffer from the same loneliness because they both married into a loveless marriage. We are notified that Curley’s wife wanted to be an actress in Hollywood, but when she never receives the phone call to admit her, she marries Curley. This shows that she did not really want to marry Curley, but she felt it was right to marry Curley because she needed someone to care for her because she could not have the job that she wanted. Crooks is a â€Å"busybody† because he feels it is his job to inform Slim on the whereabouts of Lennie. He states, â€Å"That big new guy’s messin’ around your pups out in the barn.† Then he goes on to explain what Lennie was doing with them: â€Å"He’s takin’ em outta the nest and handlin’ them.† The ranch workers gossip because this is the only way that they can communicate. To relieve their unhappiness and loneliness they are forced to pay for company. The boss’s son, Curley, appears to be the loneliest person on the ranch. After coming from one of his detours, Curley is subjected to finding his ‘other half.’ When Curley is looking for his wife, he has to turn to the workers for advice. He says, â€Å"You seen a girl around here?† demanding an answer from the men. When he says this, he ensures he gets a quick response with no unnecessary information. Instead of greeting the men warmly, and then introducing his query, he gets straight to the point, requesting a valid answer. Curley does not have much experience talking to people since he is always either in town or looking for his ‘wife.’ Another factor that could be the answer to why Curley is always aggressive towards any human company is that he has turned bitter because he is lonely. Although he has a wife, she is never around for him to talk to her – so his socializing skills are limited. To add to this, Curley might have had a lon ely childhood because he grew up on the ranch and did not have the opportunity to play and talk with someone his age – all of the ranch workers are adults. As a result of this, Curley turned out to be an outspoken, patronizing adult. Crooks finally gets his chance to emit all the emotions he is feeling. When he receives this opportunity, we begin to realize the extent of his loneliness. Lennie is bored because all the other workers have gone to town, and he has no one to talk to so he decides to visit his puppy in the barn. Instead, he meets the stable buck – Crooks. They start to talk and Crooks says, â€Å"There wasn’t another colored family for miles around.† From this quotation, we get to look into how Crooks feels; vulnerable and singled out. This also shows how he feels at the ranch; because he is the only black person on the ranch he feels different, almost an outcast. He then goes on to talk about his status on the ranch, saying: â€Å"This is just a nigger talkin’, an’ a busted-back nigger. So it don’t mean nothing, see?† Crooks believes that because he has a disability, this is another reason why the men on the ranch are not likely to want to talk to him. He feels like he does not exist because a lot of people take no notice of what he says. He does not have anyone to talk to. For being alone, Crooks could leave his things about and being a stable buck and a cripple, his actions are not arguable. Crooks is separated from everyone so he believes none of the men take notice of him. He mentions that he is the only black person for miles, because of this, he feels vulnerable and singled out. When Crooks is talking to Lennie, he tries to make Lennie see his life from his perspective. Lennie has gone into the barn to see his puppy because all of the other men have gone into town. Instead of seeing the puppy, he meets the stable buck – Crooks. He has finally managed to get to talk to a person and have a full conversation; so uses this opportunity to let someone else feel the hurt and loneliness that he has had to endure for most of his life. Crooks states, â€Å"Well, s’pose he don’t come back. What’ll you do then?† Crooks feels isolated and because of this, he wants one person to try and even image the loneliness that he has to suffer each day. Lennie retreats to the place George told him to go if ever he got in trouble – â€Å"the brush.† He starts to hallucinate; seeing his aunt Clara. Lennie turns immediately at the sound of any company. Due to his loneliness, he wants a companion, so he seeks comfort and manages to conjure up a hallucinated version of his Aunt Clara. John Steinbeck cleverly makes the illusion speak with Lennie’s voice. I believe the image was Lennie’s conscious, making excuses for why Lennie is going to be killed by George in the future; but because of Lennie’s mental incapability’s, he does not receive this warning in time. Lennie needs constant reassurance from George that their lives will be better when they buy their own place to live. So tells George to recite their dream, showing he always wants to look at the bright side because his life is miserable. Lennie is near a pool waiting for George to arrive, so that the two men can flee to another ‘ranch’. Then, George arrives disheartened and Lennie says immediately, â€Å"Tell me like you done before.† Then George replies reluctantly, â€Å"Tell you what?† Lennie then says, â€Å"Bout the other guys an’ about us.† Then George starts to describe â€Å"how it’s gonna be.† George does not want Lennie to feel lonely when he dies so tells him to look across the forest, to make sure Lennie is not aware of the situation – and that his only companion dies peacefully. George shoots, and after, he feels very sad for killing Lennie, although does not feel regretful. His future now looks bleak, in term s of companionship. I believe the loneliest person on the ranch is the Boss. He is the character that gives orders to all of the workers around and just gets money coming in for doing practically no work. In accordance to this, he probably does not have much entertainment at home because he does not need to work for his money, because he is fortunate enough to have bought the ranch. The only time that we hear about the boss is when he is accepting George and Lennie’s work slips. This promotes the idea that the Boss is not very included in the society of the ranch, and is therefore, more prone to getting lonely than the other men on the ranch. The workers can talk to other workers whilst they are keeping themselves busy working to make money. The boss is a typical leader that receives money for just having the title: ‘Boss’. Furthermore, there is no mention of the boss having a wife in the book, so the only relative family that he has is Curley. This makes matters worse for the boss b ecause Curley is always in town or looking for his wife. So explains why the Boss deserves the title: â€Å"loneliest being.†