Marxist Analys Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marxist Analys - Essay ExampleEither form is a function of tax which holds consistent the equivalence among its forms yet value itself varies depending on its meaning in the state of economy.Once the value is challenged in the process, regardless of form, its own size or magnitude is also subject to alter. beneath Marxs proposition, this is the stage around which big(p) executes and comes in the scene to yield to a definition based on the shaping of the value, not the shifting of its form. On stating Value therefore now becomes value in process, money in process, and as such, capital, Marx likely signifies process and argues how this is essential for the life of a capital where value is at work and its progress with changing measure determines capital. Without such process, it would be difficult to interpret capital and its purpose since the event of adding or subtracting from a value is characteristic of incorporating a function that would later meet the objective of generating a projected output or necessity such as income which is itself impact by the processed value.Marx pertains to the dilemma of treating capital in terms of how it should emerge in and out of the circulation. The conflict, however, is not concerned about the presence of capital on either condition as being within or beyond circulation but Marx uses negation with cannot and impossible to emphasize the difficulty of designating capital with respect to where circulation occurs. Though this is the case, Marx insists it mustiness have its origin both in circulation and not in circulation.In order to settle the butterfly issue with capital, Marx resolves to have the double effect toss off its ground. Due to the fundamental property attached to capital, Marx proposes for capital to be conceived out of allowing circulation to adjust to the intrinsic laws of exchange. It is

Nursing Students Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing Students - Essay ExampleThe title could do a little revision though to situate it appear scholarly.In its abstract, it has identified a total sample universe of n=197 whereby only 6% creates the sample size. The sample is too small to hypothecate the subject population thereby the confidence level is heighten too actively. The chances of error are so remote here. But it has been noted that in determine a sample size for a given level of accuracy, the worst case of 50% should be used. Type of sampling employed and how the respondents were selected among the schools total population of 424 undergraduate students was derived. Such information vital to the methods used in the analysis of data was not identified in the abstract nor in its methodology.Kidder relates that, a searing portion of a research study is the portion on the instruments used to gather data. Validity of the conclusion derived out of the statistical instruments depends greatly on its characteristics. Therefo re the questionnaire used as the main tool in this research should be attached in the bibliography subject to further studies and referencing. Reliability which refers to the extent of an instruments trunk should be able to elicit the same response when applied to respondents. Since such document is not identified nor presented in this article, its validity and reliability cannot be substantiated and investigated. Over-all military rank of the instrument cannot be conducted at this moment. The quantitative results of data gathered does not clearly correlate with the problem encountered and stated in the sense that it has focused on the end result of treatment intervention as its instrumentation rather than on the smoking patterns and behavior itself and the possible effects of implementing a certain sympathetic of treatment intervention.Works CitedKidder, Louise H.1981). Research Methods in Social Relations.. New York Hold, Rinehart and Winston.Works CitedMarx,Karl. Capitalism an d Alienation 2004.Faculty.fostburg.edu. 07 Mar,

Ethics and the Airlines Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics and the Airlines - Research Paper ExampleOrganizations that fail to comply whitethorn be subjected to huge fines or other more severe consequences.Aviation stakeholders have fallen victim to violations of safety regulations among several carriers over the years. In 2007, the federal official Aviation Administration found that Southwest Airlines had not complied with safety regulations. The organization has gone for a record 59,000 flyings without carrying out the proper inspections required for such flights. afterwards realizing this problem, FAA officers augmented the problem by failing to report it and suppressing other similar evidence. It was only through interventions by two whistleblowers that the matter was put under investigation. A settlement was reached 3 years later, and the company had to pay 7.5 million dollars for flying unfit consumer airplanes.The above incident is one of more that have occurred over the other(prenominal) 7 years another one involved Americ an Airlines. In 2008 it was found that the organization had also not carried out maintenance of their aircrafts. They had put many passengers at risk and were required to pay a hefty sum of $ 15 million. Hawaiian Airlines was the most recent one, and can be a competent case study for ethics and safety issues in aviation.In an FAA press release, it was announced that Hawaiian Airlines had been operating a Boeing 767-300 flight without conducting proper inspections of the parts. These requirements were outlined in a 2000 airworthiness direct (AD). This error was detected by the FAA in 2012 when the Airlines documents indicated that the particular AD under consideration was not applicable to the company. Approximately 5,000 flights had occurred on the flight without these inspections.Statutory and legal directives are highly critical in the aviation industry because without them, peoples lives could be placed at risks. Airworthiness directives are

Financial Distress Paper Essay Example for Free

Financial straiten Paper EssayThe current global economic crisis has seriously affected the financial activities of my academic institution. One of the major sponsors for our subscriber line school, a bank, has pulled out and is currently facing charges of breaking federal banking regulatory laws. All indications argon that the bank leave go under and will perplex to file for protection under chapter 11. With this conduit of funds no longer there, the business school will have to restructure.There are five programs currently in place at the business school, three of which are involved in teaching and research. They have been in existence for the last thirty years. As the designate of faculty for the business school, I will recommend to the long range planning committee that the restructuring be directed at the other two programs. These are recently introduced graduate management courses, whose students, totaling fifty in number, can be gradually absorbed within the other g raduate business courses.The cuts will consequently have to be effected within the faculty staff of the two programs being phased out. All tenured and non-tenured faculty staff will receive a one year termination nonice with full severance benefits. Since their total combined yearly compensations is about as much as lost donor funding, the scaled down business school will be able to survive until other avenues are found to fund new programs. These recommendations will be made based on the need to retain teaching and research as a priority.Students who are currently enrolled in all programs will not suffer as they will be retained to continue learning within the existing programs. Additionally, the retrenchment will not be abrupt, but will be implemented over the course of one year, giving affected faculty staff ample time to appeal or seek positions elsewhere. Distress Paper 2 References Senate of Michigan Technological University (1985, May). UNIVERSITY RETRENCHMENT POLICY. Retri eved August 1, 2009 from http//www. sas. it. mtu. edu/usenate/propose/80-89/7-85. htm

Immigration citizenship Essay Example for Free

Immigration citizenship Essay in that location are laws defining citizenship and laws stipulating the conditions for non citizens. In virtually cases, in that respect is freedom of movement from genius country to an some other for various reasons. Illegal immigrants are those who happen to be in another country unlawfully. atomic number 20 records the highest numbers of irregular immigrants, most having been lured by the search for better jobs.There has been an argument against these immigrations based on the fact that they seem to be a dividing line on the available public amenities. A clear example is how a slight reduction in the price of tomatoes would see illegal immigrants flock into the US. The compact to ban immigration is toughening as times went on in the US where most opponents argue that the move should be kind especially to kids who should not be forced or fully evicted from school. Some republicans think it may not be fair to deny immigrants their civil fu lls. (Borjas 220).This paper focuses on the administerment of immigrants laws and the negative set up of the laws in the United States. Most of the United States migration laws are not based on equality, respect for individual rights and fairness. Their restrictions are based on crude and overbearing utilitarian calculations of the relative costs that are offered by immigration groups of the United States society.There is also a strong misconception of the United State national Sovereignty. This serves historically as a justification for border restrictions which accelerates the conflict between the liberal theory and immigration exclusions. (LeMay M. C., xxxiv) Despite the fact that the United States recognizes the interstate travel right they arrive completely refused to acknowledge the right of immigrants to cross national boundaries. The Supreme Court has put a boundary between its citizens under the new constitution. jibe to the constitution, the non citizens lack any right s for entry in the country. The disabled who are protected under the Disabilities Act also face discrimination in immigration. They are denied entry universe regarded as inadmissible aliens who cannot be allowed to enter. Racial discrimination has also been entertained in the Unite States immigration history whereby immigration laws in the U.S. conduct punished people of a different color. As Puerto Ricans, we have experienced racial hatred often transferred from citizens of United States to the immigrants who address similar ancestries. (LeMay M. C., xxxiv)The United States have complied with the color blindness laws that are demanded with the U.S. However in Supreme Court, non citizens are disproportionately restricted from entering the country. The culmination of this is the creation of tension with the nation verbalize commitment equality under the law. There is also an ignorance of laws that are protective to the poor, disabled, and HIV positive and racial minorities even under the U.S. immigration laws. It has been realized that there are no moral jurisdictions in keeping these groups out of the United States.Records have also shown that racial hatred transfer from citizens in United States to the immigrants who share similar ancestries. (LeMay M. C 26) Several states have enacted laws that show no mercy, even for immigrants with steady jobs, deep community roots, a history of paying taxes and children who are citizens. undocumented and lawful immigrants have fewer rights compared to the citizens of the United States. Lack of equal rights extends to exploitation in the secondary market, low wages and very few legal protections. There is also a racial caste system which cannot be reconciled with the liberty and equality.The United States immigrants laws also do not cater for moral migration policy. Churches and apparitional leaders have criticized the authenticity and morality of modern immigration policies. The immigration laws should be treated as humanitarian way rather than being guilty to the immigrants. Despite the efforts to violate the immigrants laws on moral grounds, the government has refused to change the immigrants laws to satisfy these basic moral imperatives.The rights of the individual immigrants have been historically trumped at the expense of the nation-state rights. The mogul of people to move comfortably together with their family which is an ultimate freedom and fundamental for human beings has been denied. (Johnson K.R.71) Immigrants have also been discriminated on acquiring educational benefits. There has been a debate on whether to provide education benefits to the illegal immigrants over years in the nation.The federal courts have used the Welfare Reform Act to swear out the immigrants access educational benefits. However portions of the proposition 187 advocates for the denying of illegal immigrants as well as harsh treatment to those suspected being illegal immigrants This is based on the argument that there happens to be a lot of American citizens without proper documents and the use of documents to verify whether one qualifies to access education.Majority of the opponents of the ban however free feel that the current number of illegal immigrants in school is not yet a burden or an issue of concern to warrant much(prenominal) crude measures. It is believed that the cessation of government support to immigrants education would go along way in ensuring that illegal immigration is reduced by a large magnitude. This is attri excepted to the fact that any form of gain acts as an incentive to the immigrants (Haines Rosenblum 133)Immigrant workers have been negatively affected by the immigrants laws in some states in America. Oklahoma, which has one of the toughest new laws, now prevents illegal immigrants from getting state services.It also requires employers to verify whether new workers are legal, gives people a way to sue companies that hire illegal immigrants, and makes it a felony to transport, harbor or conceal an illegal immigrant. The enforcement of the law has been so harsh to the illegal immigrants. Simple humanity is the character which has been lacking and recognition that the big majority of those affected do not have any malicious intent.The immigrants usually does not come United States so that they can be robbers but to improve their lives through hard work contrary to how they are treated. Inhuman treatment is given to them where families are uprooted, and parents are separated from their kids. (Johnson K.R.29)Legal residents and citizens are also contuse by the current immigration laws.This mostly happens where spouses, parents or children are illegal. Their relatives are the ones who are placed at risk for harboring them at their homes or transporting them to church. Oklahoma Hispanic groups estimate that around 25,000 people left the state after the law was approved. The number of students who attended School dropped, workers disapp eared, church attendance shrank and most Latino businesses confused customers. There are several reports that shows police in some places target Hispanic drivers for roadside stops and document checks.This has forced citizens to be carrying passports or rescue certificates to avoid being jailed and other forms police harassment. (U.S.A.Today 2007)Business organizations have also been negatively affected by the current immigration laws. Employers complain that theyre being asked to become immigration police with imperfect tools. In Oklahoma there was a study which predicted that the current law could cost more than $1 jillion in a year the states economy.All firms that specialize in finding new locations for businesses said some companies have removed Oklahoma from their lists. (U.S.A.Today) The supporters of current immigration laws include corporate interests that profit from cheap foreign grind, ethnic lobbies seeking to increase their governmental base, and religious activis ts, humanitarians, and civil libertarians who focus on human rights and other ethical concerns.Opponents include non-European immigrants as a threat to American culture, environmentalists who dread immigration-fueled population growth, and labor advocates who fear that immigration is taking jobs from U.S. citizens and depressing U.S. wages. On political spectrum, free marketers square off against cultural conservatives.The federal immigration law could be highlighted as hypocritical and ineffectual it has been passed to ensure that there is cheap labor in the country but on the other hand, the nation does not want immigrants. The united states have taken great steps trying to enforce the U.S border laws but it has failed to achieve the intended goals. Even with the current immigration laws, the nation is still insecure and the immigrants faced different social, economic and political challenges. deeds CitedBorjas G. Heavens door immigration policy and the American economy. Princeton University Press, 2001 190-250Haines, David W Rosenblum, Karen Elaine. Illegal immigration in America a reference enchiridion. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999,133Hirschman C, Kasinitz P and DeWind J. The handbook of international migration theAmerican experience. Russell Sage Foundation Publishers, 1999, 360-370Johnson K. R. Opening the floodgates why America needs to rethink its borders and

What makes your workplace work well Essay Example for Free

What slays your workplace work well EssayNowadays, we live in an passing large and intricate world which is generally characterized by a wide variety of continuous and unpredictable changes. With that, there are factors that would affects work in every way, either advantages and disadvantages to people and workplace.No integrity can deny that whenever a person look for a job, whatever work it is, they think of what the future holds for them . Primarily, financial stability is the most essential of all. If the remuneration is not adequate to live each day and to meet the demands of the person and be able to prosper and enjoy life, then that individual is not satisfied. Secondarily, the benefits that the employee retrieve from the organization, the role and responsibility and personal interest of the employee towards work and working environment is also essential.Like for example, the lack of manpower and teamwork that is unfriendly colleagues leave result to conflicts, mis communications and misunderstandings does makes it more exhausting and stressful. . The location of work, where someone lives 100 miles away from home also matters. Weather and Climate changes thus also contribute. The lack of orientation and training to employees will make a difference to how you deliver your skills. Another factor are the employees culture and educational background, that has involves several adjustments to work environment. In addition, the heavy workload, vast hours and demanding tasks. And, Not getting enough time to spend with friends and family.With the current situation in my workplace, working in a medical field and in the infirmary demands my time including my attention and care to patients. Sometimes patients care are compromised because of the additional paper works and which is sometimes not necessary. The lack of staffs and the suit to different areas which we are not familiar with. New and changes to policy and procedure introduced and its strict c ompliance brings stressto mind. Going home physically and emotionally stock(a) and exhausted, leading to depression, long time sickness from work and not only that, the freezing increase in salary nationwide adds up to stress.However, if problems tackled properly inwardly work, organising task and priorities and got substantial musical accompaniment from each other, working together as a team will ease work difficulties. As well as, support from the people with higher rank who should listens and acknowledges efforts, hard work and appreciates and rewards is very satisfying. Furthermore, good and clear communication within the people in the organization is vital and would make the employees more competent and productive worker.Therefore, as a working individual wherever and whatever things that involves work, it is believed that there a variety of factors the influences work and are extremely important. It is proved that personal interest like having new goals, dreams or simply ta king some risk in life and adjust fully to changes, and a organized work environment is will certainly produces productivity and profitability and will have a healthier and better lives.

Estimation of Tranexamic Acid Andethamsylate Using RP-HPLC

Estimation of Tranexamic sexually transmitted disease Andethamsylate Using RP-HPLCChapter-3 Experimental work3. EXPERIMENTAL WORK3.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS dodge 2. List of Chemical and standers utiliseS.NoChemicalsManufacturer NameGrade1WaterProcessed in Bright LabsHPLC position2AcetonitrileFisher scientificHPLC grade3Orthophosphoric paneMerckGR grade4Tranexamic hotSun pharma ltdBP5EthamsylateSun pharma ltdUSP6KH2PO4MerckGR grade7K2HPO4MerckGR grade8 methanolMerckHPLC gradeTable 3. List of instruments usedS.NoInstrumentnameModelNumberSoftW areManufacturers name1HPLC-autosampler-UV detectorACME9000Auto crome 3000Youngline2Electronic balanceLab India3SonicatorCWUC9L201402822Spectrum tek4Vacuum Pump28965405-289717Vacuubrand50.45 filter paperHPLC gradeRankem3.2. Method development for the simultaneous affection of Tranexamic harsh andethamsylate by utilise RP-HPLC. choice of mobile stagecoachSelection of detectionwavelengthSelection of columnSelection of solvent delivery systemS election of advert rankSelection of column temperatureSelection of diluentSelection of establish concentration and pellet volume3.2.1. Selection of mobile phasePhosphate cowcatcher wood spirit (3070)3.2.2. Selection of wavelength10mg Tranexamic pane and Ethamsylate were dissolved in mobile phase. The overlay spectrum was used for selection of wavelength for Tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate The iso-bestic point was taken as detection wavelength 286nm.3.2.3. Selection of columnHeart of HPLC made of 316 grade stainless steel jammed with stationary phase.Silica establish columns with different cross linkings in the change magnitude order of polarity are as follows- Non-polar-moderately polarPolar-C1886In reverse phase chromatography, hydrophobic interaction between drug molecule and the alkyl chains on the column packing material.Column is selected based on solubility, polarity chemical differences among analytes and Column selected i.e. X-Bridge C18 (150 4.6 mm, packed with 5 m), particle sizeReasons Better separation,Good shadowing factor.3.2.4. Selection of solvent delivery systemAlways preferable solvent delivery system.More chance of getting reproducible result on remembering period of analytes.More economic than gradient technique.3.2.5. Selection of flow rateAcceptable limit Not more than 2.5 ml/minFlow rate selected was 1.0ml/minFlow rate is selected based on1. Retention clock time2. Column back pressure3. Peak symmetry.4. Separation of impurities.ReasonsFor earlier elution of analyte and elution of all impurities inwardly 10 minInformation from the reference method in literature.3.2.6. Selection of diluentSelection of diluents is based on the solubility of the analyteDiluent selected Phosphate mince Methanol (3070 % v/v)ReasonAnalyte is soluble in acetonitrile and water.3.2.7. Selection of column temperaturePreferable temperature is ambient or room temperature.ReasonsTo elute all impurities along with analyte with in 10 min of run time.L ess retention timeGood peak shapeHigher theoretical plates.Good re ascendent.3.2.8. Selection of test concentration and guesswork volumeTest concentration is finalized after it is proved that API is make lovely extractable at the selected test concentration.Test concentration is fixed based upon the response of API peak at selected detector wavelength.Tranexamic Acid and Ethamsylate label claimed 25mg and 50 mgAnd the test concentration selected is 100ppmInjection volume selected is 20L.Reason just peak area, retention time, peak symmetry Chromatographic trails for simultaneous estimation Tranexamic acid Ethamsylate TRIAL 1ParametersMethodStationary phase (column) Kromosil C18 (150 4.6 mm, packed with 5 m)Mobile Phase 100% of MethanolPh 3.0 0.02Flow rate (ml/min) 1.0Run time (minutes) 8.0Column hotness (C) AmbientVolume of injection draw in (l) 20Detection wavelength (nm) 242Drugs RT (min) 2.91 4.42Fig. 4 Trial 1S.No.NameRTminAreaV*sTPTFRe closure1Tranexamic Acid2.91674915837 707.51.08330.00002Ethamsylate4.4227107664910124.71.01245.3676Sum1568232 Observation 100% Methanol used for this trial, flow rate was 1ml/min at ambient temperature. Faster elution of the analyte takes place . TRIAL 2ParametersMethodStationary phase (column) Inertsil C18 (250 4.6 mm, packed with 5 m)Mobile Phase 3070 (Methanol water)Ph 3.5 0.02Flow rate (ml/min) 1.0Run time (minutes) 8.0Column temperature (C) AmbientVolume of injection loop (l) 20Detection wavelength (nm) 228Drugs RT (min) 2.81 5.34Fig. 5 Trial 2S.No.NameRTminAreaV*sTPTFReroot1Tranexamic Acid2.816712725834707.51.03330.00002Ethamsylate5.346719523699124.71.05247.1376Sum3224952 Observation Methanol and water was used in the ratio of 7030. The flow rate was 1ml/min at ambient temperature.Couldnt get consistent retention time TRIAL 3ParametersMethodStationary phase (column) Inertsil C18 (250 4.6 mm, packed with 5 m)Mobile Phase 3070 (Methanol Phosphate Buffer)Ph 3.0 0.02Flow rate (ml/min) 1.0Run time (minutes) 15.0 Column temperature (C) AmbientVolume of injection loop (l) 20Detection wavelength (nm) 236Drugs RT (min) 2.86 10.48Fig. 6 Trial 3S.No.NameRTminAreaV*sTPTFResolution1Tranexamic Acid2.86274075832307.51.28330.00002Ethamsylate10.480297920499901.71.312410.2646Sum10199632 Observation Methanol and Phosphate Buffer used in the ratio of (3070 ) Couldnt get consistent retention time Discussion The above trials indicating that RT for the drug was non constant and elution time was faster which not prefered for the analysis.TRAIL 4Optimizing methodParametersMethodStationary phase (column) X-Bridge C18 (150 4.6 mm, packed with 5 m)Mobile Phase 3070 (Phosphate Buffer Methanol)pH 3.2 0.02Flow rate (ml/min) 1.0Run time (minutes) 8.0Column temperature (C) AmbientVolume of injection loop (l) 20Detection wavelength (nm) 286Drugs RT (min) 3.01 5.06Fig. 7 Developed ChromatogramS.No.NameRTminAreaV*sTPTFResolution1Tranexamic Acid3.016715748273707.51.08330.00002Ethamsylate5.066727792775124.71.01248.53 76Sum4354104 Discussion All the experiments were complete by the higher than developed method and the consequences were acceptable.Optimized chromatographic conditions for simultaneous estimation of Tranexamic Acid and EthamsylateTrail 4 (Optimized Chromatographic Conditions)ParametersMethodStationary phase (column) X-Bridge C18 (150 4.6 mm, packed with 5 m)Mobile Phase 3070 (Phosphate Buffer Methanol)PH 3.2 0.02Flow rate 1.0Run time (min) 8.0Column temperature (C) AmbientVolume of injection loop (l) 20Detection wavelength (nm) 286Drugs RT (min) 3.01 5.06Assay usePreparation of 0.2M phosphate bufferBuffer solution prepares by dissolving 2.72g of Potassium dihydrogen ortho phosphate (KH2PO4) in 1L of water and the degassing of the solution.Diluents Preparation1L of diluents was prepared by mixing 300 ml of 0.02 M Phosphate Buffer and 700 ml of Methanol.Preparation of product line solutionaccurately weighed 10 mg of the both Tranexamic Acid and Ethamsylate is transferred to 10 ml fresh and dry volumetrical flask. The amount was making up to the mark among the Methanol and mix well. This yielded a clove pink solution with concentration 1000 ppm of Tranexamic Acid and Ethamsylate mixture.Preparation of regulation solutionAccurately amount of 0.25 and 0.25 ml of the Tranexamic Acid and Ethamsylate line of descent solution transferred to 10 ml clean and alter volumetric flask. Then compose up the amount up to the mark among the diluents and mix well. eventually the standard stock solution with concentrations of 25 ppm and 25 ppm of Tranexamic Acid and Ethamsylate respectively.Procedure20Lof the standard and sample was injected into the chromatographic system and areas for the Tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate from the peaks were used for calculating the % assay by using the formulae.Assay calculationAT WS DT P Avg. WtAssay % = x -x x -x 100AS DS WT 100 Label ClaimWhereAT = Average area counts of sample preparation.AS = Average area counts of standard pr eparation.WS=Weight of working standard taken in mg.P= Percentage worth of working standardLC = Label Claim of Tranexamic acid , Ethamsylate mg/ml.3.4 METHOD VALIDATION3.4.1 ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATIONValidation parametersSpecificityLinearityRange true statementPrecision strategy precisionRepeat top executiveIntermediate PrecisionDetection LimitQuantitation LimitRobustness1. SpecificityThe system suitability for specificity was carried out to determine whether there are any interference of any impurities in retention time of analytical peak. The study was performed by injecting blank.2. LinearityThe linearity is a systematic method its ability (within a given range) to get assessment results, which are directly relative to the absorption (amount) of analyte in sample.Preparation of standard stock solutionAccurately weighed 10 mg of the both tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate was transferred in to 10 ml fresh and dry volumetric flask.After that the amount was made up to the mark with the Methanol and mix well. This yielded a stock solution amid attention 1000 ppm of tranexamic acid with Ethamsylate mixture.Preparation of standard solutionAccurately amount of 0.25 and 0.25 ml of the tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate stock was transferred to 10 ml clean and dry volumetric flask. Then the volume was made up to the mark with the diluent and mixed well. This yielded a standard stock solution with concentrations of 25ppm and 25ppm of tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate respectively10Procedure Prepared a series of standard solutions not less than five dollar bill during the particular concentration range along with ask them like for each method. betrothal criteria The correlation coefficient should be not less than 0.99903. RangeThe range of a systematic process is the gap between the super and lower concentration of analyte in sample for which it has been established to the investigative practice was a suitable level of accuracy, precision and linearity.Acceptance criter ia Linearity, Precision and Recovery should be shown.The logic behind this parameter was typical concentration range was essential between which the actual concentration should fall when performing real sample analysis.10 4. verityPreparation of standard stock solutionAccurately amount of 0.25 and 0.25 ml of the tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate stock solution transfer to 10 ml fresh and arid volumetric flask. Make up the volume up to mark with the diluents and mix well. The standard stock solution with concentrations of 25 ppm and 25 ppm of tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate respectively.Method procedure Prepared solutions in triplicate at levels 80%, 100% and 120s% of test concentrations using for tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate working Standards as per the test method and injected each solution in triplicate.Sample Are 100% Recovery = x x 100Standared Area conc. in %Accuracy averagely refers to the difference between the specify of the set of results and the true or correct val ue for the quantity measured. According to IUPAC accuracy relates to the difference between results (or mean) and the true value. For analytical methods, there are 2 possible ways of determining the accuracy, absolute method and comparative method. Accuracy is best reported as percentage bias, which is calculated from the expressionProcedure cognize amount of drug substance spiked with known amount of standard drug- minimum of three levels (80%, 100% 120% of test concentration), each level was triplicate.Acceptance criteria Assay recovery should be between 97%-103%.10 5. PrecisionPreparation of standard solutionAccurately amount of 0.25 and 0.25 ml of the tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate stock solution transferred to 10 ml clean and dried volumetric flask.Subsequently make up the volume up to the mark among the diluent and well mixed. Finally the standard stock solution with concentrations of 25 ppm and 25 ppm of tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate respectively.Method precision Six in dividual preparations were prepared using single kettle of fish of tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate surgical process standard as for each test process and injected each one solutions.Injection precisionSolo preparation was prepared using single batch of Tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate effective standard as for each urbanized process in addition to injected six injections10.Acceptance Criteria1. RSD should not be more than 2.0% for five recur injections of standard.6. RuggednessPreparation of standard solutionAccurately amount of 0.25 and 0.25 ml of the tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate stock solution transferred to 10 ml clean and dried volumetric flask. Subsequently make up the quantity up to the mark among the diluents and well mix. Finally the standard stock solution with concentrations of 25 ppm and 25 ppm of tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate respectively.Method Procedure The standard solution was individually prepared as per the test method and injected each solution in six times using different system, analyst, and date.Acceptance Criteria Overall RSD should not be more than 2.0 %.7. Limit detection and limit of quantitationLOD Lowest amount of analyte in a sample that canister be detected but not necessarily quanities, under the stated experimental conditions. Preparation of standard solutionAccurately amount of 0.25 and 0.25 ml of the tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate stock solution transferred to 10 ml clean and dried volumetric flask. Then build up the quantity up to the mark with the diluents and mix well. Finally the standard stock solution with concentrations of 25 ppm and 25 ppm of Tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate respectively.Method ProcedureThe mobile phase was permissible to run equilibrate with stationary phase up to good baseline was obtained. The different concentration ranging from 0.01 to 0.1ppm of tranexamic acid and 0.01 to 0.1ppm Ethamsylate was injected and peaks were recorded. 0.03 and 0.03ppm for tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate concentr ations were detected respectively.LOD can be calculated based on signal-noise ratio,by using pursual formulaLOD = S/NWhere,S = Signal Obtained From LOD Solution.N = Average Baseline Noise Obtained from Blank Acceptance criteria for LOD and LOQRSD CriteriaConcentration at which RSD Concentration at whichRSD 8. RobustnessPreparation of standard solutionAccurately amount of 0.25 and 0.25 ml of the tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate stock solution transferred to 10 ml clean and dried volumetric flask. After that make up the quantity up to the mark with diluent and well mixed. Finally the standard stock solution with concentrations of 25 ppm and 25 ppm of tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate respectively.Method procedure1. Flow The standard solution was prepared and injected for the 2 times with (+1) flow rate.2. Mobile Phase The standard solution was prepared and injected for the two times with (+5) Mobile Phase composition.Appraise of its capability to remain unchanged by minute, but conscio us variations in process parameters and provides signal of its reliability during its normal usage.Procedure samples were analyzed under the following conditions.103. Stability studiesIn the rational design and evaluation of dosage forms for the drugs, the stability of the activity components must be a major criterion in determining their stability. The medicine has to reach the patient in an active and acceptable form maintaining the criteria for acceptable equality.The quality of the product has to be retained as long as the product is offered for sale or for administration to the patient. 10Acceptance Criteria Overall RSD should not be more than 2.0 %.9. System suitabilityPreparation of standard solutionAccurately amount of 0.25 and 0.25 ml of the tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate stock solution transferred to 10 ml clean and dried volumetric flask. Subsequently make up the amount up to the mark with diluent and well mixed.Finally the standard stock solution with concentrations of 25 ppm and 25 ppm of tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate respectively.Procedure Standard solution was prepared and injected six times to test the performance of the chromatographic instrument.Acceptance Criteria1. RSD should not be more than 2.0% for five replicate injections of standard2. USP Tailing for tranexamic acid and Ethamsylate peak in not more than 2.03. The column efficiency as determined for tranexamic acid and ethamsylatePlate Count should not be more than 2000.Dept.of Pharmaceutical Analysis JNTUA-OTRI, Ananthapuramu Page 1