A Study by Semir Zeki Tries to Answer What is Love

Everyone knows what love is, and everyone has felt love at some point in their life. It is a universal feeling, a good feeling. The question is though, is there a chemical equivalent to love? What happens to the brain in love? According to Sultan Tarlaci, when a person is passionately in love he or she feels pure happiness and they are willing to risk more and fear less. He goes even further to state that a person is basically obsessed with the person whom they love and are willing to die for them. So, what do people feel when they are in love? According to studies, when people are in love they frequently think about the beloved, more accurately about 85% of waking time consist of thinking about the person they love. They feel euphoric happiness and fear and anxiety are reduced. Furthermore, their priorities change and they put the needs of the beloved before their own and their possessions, even a piece of trash, are seen as sacred. Additional affects aside from feelings that occu r are loss of appetite and pain sensitivity, increase in pulse rate, palpitations, sweating, trembling, intestinal activity, and increase in stomach acid and rate of swallowing; these responses have made people think that the heart was the mechanism of love (Tarlaci, 2012). In a 2004 study done by Semir Zeki and his colleagues, an fMRG was taken of the brains of people in love. This study showed that when shown a picture of the person they loved, their subcortical reward system presented a lot

How Stable Was Russia on the Eve of Ww1 free essay sample

The Liberals were the first group to be appeased as the tsar issued the October Manifesto, on Witte’s advice, in which he accepted the creation of the legislative Duma. The Liberals were excited by this as they would finally be granted civil rights, freedom of speech, assembly and worship and trade unions would be legalised. To an extent, the Liberals were satisfied. Stolypin also aimed to be supported by the peasants. He therefore introduced measures in 1906-7 which would help restore the peasants’ sense of security. Stolypin’s main aim was to create a class of rich land owning peasants who would support the Tsar. Therefore, the Peasant Land Bank was set up in which All State and Crown lands were made available for purchase. Funds were introduced such as ‘Wager and the Strong’ which particularly appealed to the Kulaks (the richer peasants). Peasants were also allowed to withdraw from their commune and redemption payments were ended. Moreover, Stolypin stopped the redistribution of land to every member of the family and made all the land hereditary property of the head of the family. The peasants were temporarily content The second argument which supports the idea that Russia was stable on the eve of World War 1 is the one which agrees that the Tsar continued to have the loyalty of the army. The event which came to be known as ‘Bloody Sunday’ supports this. The marchers who were protesting outside the Winter Palace were shot down by the Tsar’s troops. This shows that they were prepared to guard the Tsar and that in effect the Tsar still had complete power and loyalty from his army. Although there were several military strikes, the army’s support of the Tsar was barely hindered, and they still looked up to him. Therefore it is apparent that Russia was fairly stable at this time, seeing as the Tsar definitely depended on the support from his Army to have any complete power. Another very important factor which shows that the Tsar ultimately had complete power and that his autocracy was powerful was due to the fact that the powers of the Duma were actually very limited. Two points show that The Tsar was not going to let the people have much control and that he was planning on keeping his autocratic role. The Fundamental Laws were issued in 1906 and these suggested that in fact the autocracy was still in the ascendency. The Laws stated that no laws could be enforced without the Tsar’s approval, so that in effect, the Tsar was making the decisions. The Duma had little power to initiate or enact legislation. The second thing which was announced was that there would be a Bi-cameral chamber in which there would be a State Council alongside the Duma. The legislations would be proposed by the Commons, would then have to pass the Nobles and finally be decided by the Tsar. It was very unlikely that anything the Commons proposed would get passed the Tsar. The new Duma was a concession on the face of it but actually meaningless. The Tsar continued to have complete Power. This further agrees with the proposal that Russia was stable. This is because the Tsar had control over his people no laws were passed by the people themselves, everything was ultimately controlled by the autocrat himself. However, there is a counter argument which exists for this idea. There was significant antagonism on the part of the Kadets, The Constitutional Democrats. Alongside the Labourists, the Kadets drew up an ‘Appeal’ by refusing to pay taxes and disobeying conscription orders. Due to this, violence scattered. Because of this of the protesting, they were crushed by the Okhrana as the Tsar retaliated and executions were carried out in all of Russia. This fiasco was named the Vyborg Fiasco. Despite the Kadets not succeeding with their upheaval, it was evident that there were pockets of antagonism among the people and not everyone was pleased with the Tsar’s ruling. Another possible argument suggesting that Russia was stable on the eve before World War 1 is that the economy had grown well by 1914. For example, between 1905 and 1913 savings accounts grew from 4,988,000 to 8,992,000. Also, the National Debt which was money owed by the government to foreign banks had dropped from 9,014,000 to 8,835,000 roubles. Moreover, an annual growth rate between 1907 and 1914 was over 6%, which surpassed that of any Western country. Judging by these figures, Russia’s economy wasn’t too dreadful and seemed to be, if anything, improving. As well as this, agricultural production had been growing before 1914. For example, grain production grew by 2. 1 per cent annually between 1883 and 1914, or by 1. 1 million tons per year. This kept it ahead of the big 1. percent annual increase in population. Industry had also reformed during this period. Russia was ranked the 5th largest industrial power in the world, with a growth rate of 8% per annum. Heavy industry expanded and a consumer market developed. Imports and exports had increased from the year 1900. Imports had risen from 626. 3 roubles in 1900 to 1,084. 4 roubles in 1913 and exports had risen from 716. 2 roubles in 1900 to 1,520. 0 roubles in 1913. It is very clear from these statistics and examples that Russia had a fairly stable economy, and it wasn’t going downhill. This may suggest that Russia was also a generally a stable country before World War 1, as the economy played a big part in its successfulness. Despite this positive economy, there is also a counter argument that must be addressed. There are various economic issues which indicate instability of the economy. Primarily, there were continued problems in industry. Poor working conditions still persisted and the workforces of St. Petersburg grew by 1/3. Also, Russia still produced 14 times less than Britain in industrial terms, meaning that it was extremely backward compared to Western countries. It’s important to remember that there was a recession going on and inflation was 40% which had a negative impact on the cost of living as it increased, and the value of money in turn decreased. These points suggest that the economy was in fact not as stable as it may have been argued to be. The last argument which suggests that Russia was a stable country on the eve of World War 1 is that there was actually a lack of effective opposition and severe dealing with dissidents. One example is the Lena Goldfields Massacre in 1912. The military revived due to this incident. Workers who were striking and protesting about degrading working conditions, low wages and a 14-hour working day, clashed with troops. Over 200 people were killed and many were injured. This shows that the military was ruthless and the Tsar still had the support of the Army. Another example that shows how severely dissidents were dealt with is the example of â€Å"Stolypin’s necktie†. Stolypin instituted a court system that made it easier for the arrest and conviction of political revolutionaries. In the years of 1906-1909 over 3,000 suspects were convicted and executed. The hangman’s noose became known as â€Å"Stolypin’s necktie†. It is obvious from these severe dealings that the Tsar was still in complete control and revolutionaries were punished very harshly for their actions. The Vyborg incident concerning the uprising of the Kadets and Labourists also suggests that the Tsar was the almighty autocrat. In the years of 1906 and 1911 2,500 executions took place in Russia. The Tsar and his army were not letting anyone get away with their antagonism against his rulings and there were no serious threats to the autocracy as every threat was crushed. On the other hand, the counter argument suggests that there was opposition to the Tsar. Firstly, Stolypin was assassinated in 1911 which shows that there was opposition towards him and that many groups must have been against the autocracy. Also, there were many strikes in 1914 which was in fact the opposition voicing itself. For example, at the time of the 1905 revolution there were 2,863,000 strikes which occurred which shows that there was a large number of people who weren’t satisfied with the Tsar’s rulings. In 1911 there were 105,000 people who were striking and in 1914 a sum of 1,337,000 people were striking. The continuity of this striking shows that there was always opposition to the Tsar and it is evident that the workers were never bought off but were merely temporarily crushed. Another idea that supports the counter argument is one which concerns the Martial Law. The sheer fact that the law had to be introduced in the first place suggests exactly how unstable everything was. It indicates that there was rising opposition and a law had to be passed to stop this rising opposition. This is a typical feature of an unstable government. To conclude, it is evident that Russia was reasonably stable on the eve of World War 1. There are many pieces of evidence, and incidents which point to the fact that Russia had a good economy, the Tsar had ultimate power, the army obeyed the Tsar, and that there was little threat of opposition. However, there were various resentments which were building up and there were many groups which opposed the rulings of the Tsar. Strikes were extremely popular amongst the public and the economy had many flaws.

Portrayal of African-Americans on Television free essay sample

This paper focuses on the treatment of African-Americans in television programs spanning decades. This paper focuses on the treatment of African-Americans in television programs spanning decades. Specific shows are discussed (e.g. All In The Family, Sanford Son). Conclusions are drawn by the author based on his/her research regarding trends of treatment of African-Americans in mass media. There is no question that media is a very powerful force in all of our lives. Whether we realize it or not the media is an important factor in molding some of our first opinions as children. That is why it is very important for television to be representing all minorities. Television has not historically done a good job of this. However, it has improved drastically from how things were in the 1950s. It is also very important that other races are portrayed accurately. If they are portrayed in stereotypical ways, that will be the view that children have before they are old enough to make their own decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Portrayal of African-Americans on Television or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We need to teach our children about other races in order to live in a world that respects all races.

Report Card Comments for Science

Report Card Comments for Science Report cards provide parents and guardians with essential information regarding their childs progress in school. Besides a letter grade, parents are given a brief descriptive comment that elaborates the students strengths or what the student needs to improve upon. Finding the exact words to describe a meaningful comment takes effort. Its important to state a students strength then follow it with a concern. Below are a few examples of positive phrases to use as well as examples comments that indicate some concerns are evident. Positive Comments In writing comments for elementary student report cards, use the following positive phrases regarding students progress in science. Is a leader during in-class science activities.Understands and executes the scientific process in class.Has an analytic mind for science concepts.Takes pride in his science projects.Did a wonderful job on her __ science project.Strongest work is in science.Is drawn to our science corner in all his or her free time.Continues to turn in top-notch science assignments.Continues to conduct top-notch science experiments.Particularly enjoys hands-on science experiments.Has a naturally investigative nature in science.Is quite proficient in all science concepts and vocabulary.Is able to identify and describe all science vocabulary.Demonstrates an understanding of target science content and makes relevant connections.Demonstrates an enhanced understanding of science content.Meets all learning standards in science.Shows an understanding of systems that are designed to accomplish a task.Uses the appropriate science vocabulary in her oral responses and written work.Demonstrates a clear understand ing of the concepts and skills learned. Makes a great effort in science and is very inquisitive.Is doing a great job in science and always is the first to hand in assignments. Needs Improvement Comments On those occasions when you need to convey less-than-positive information on a students report card regarding science, use the following phrases to assist you. Needs to study for science tests.Needs to learn science vocabulary.Has difficulty memorizing scientific concepts.Many science homework assignments have not been handed in.Reading comprehension often interferes with __s ability to perform well on science tests.Understanding of scientific terms often interferes with __s ability to perform well on science tests.I would like to see __ improve her note-taking skills.I would like to see __ improve his vocabulary skills.Seems to show no interest in our science program.Needs to review science concepts and vocabulary as she is having a great deal of difficulty.Lack of attention in class may account for the difficulty he has with assignments.Needs to improve in science.Needs to develop more self-confidence in science.Does not appropriately use scientific inquiry skills.Demonstrates a week understanding of science content.Does not yet use science vocabulary appropriately.__needs to explore the connections between researched information and real -world applications. __needs to describe his observations more fully and link them clearly to the purpose of the experiment.__needs to use more information from previous learning and research to support his opinions.___needs to use exact measurements when recording scientific observations.___needs to acquire science and technology vocabulary and use it in both oral and written responses.

Categories of drivers Essay Example for Free

Categories of drivers Essay Since the start of road transportation, there have been drivers of the varied kind. The modes of transportation changed from horses or horse driven carts to cars but these set of drivers have always remained since then. Drivers of automobiles can be categorized into three categories teenage drivers, old drivers which mainly comprises of senior citizens and drunk or substance abusive drivers. The safety on the road of a person is basically depended on the kind of driving one does. A person’s skill to drive depends upon a certain set of factors due which he gets categorized. Teenage drivers who use automobiles are mostly adrenalin driven and have a habit of being impatient on roads. Teenagers with attitude problems can indulge in major road mishaps and can cause severe damage to themselves along with the innocent car drivers on the road. A teenager cultivates his driving skills by looking at his parents or guardians and later on the pressure of his per group plays a massive factor in driving. It has been estimated about sixty five percent of passengers have had fatal injuries due to the reckless driving of an immature teenager. The habit of risk taking or trying to create impressions on their peer groups more often than not result in deadly crashes. If apart from impulsive behavior, a teenager also does any kind of alcoholic or drug abuse, then the combination of impulsive behavior with substance abuse not only makes them dangerous on the road, but also they risk of having the worst kind of crashes possible on road. As we age our reflexes and our ability to make life saving maneuvers also go down. This is a problem with all the old aged drivers in the world. These old drivers in their experience have a perfect mentality to drive safe, but because of ageing lots of occurrences physically take place like loss of good vision, or their loss of their ability for quick response time. These drivers won’t commit mistakes on purpose and would have a thinking of driving at lower speeds with an intention of attaining maximum safety. How much ever these drivers have good intentions, any physical bustle can cause them to crash anytime which sometimes makes a risky commodity on the road. The worst kind of a driver however is a driver who abuses alcohol or any substance and then drives a set of wheels. These are the kind of drivers who irrespective of their age which can comprise from being a teenager to being a senior citizen have the ability to kill and get killed depending on the amount of alcohol or drug they have consumed. These drivers knowing that they are not in right condition risk everyone’s life around and are equivalent of a deadly weapon on the road, as it become highly unpredictable about when they would crash and cost someone their lives. The following evidence will show the risk taken by these drivers and the amount of crashes that can take place because of their carelessness: ‘Nearly half a million people are injured in alcohol-related crashes each year. More than 15,786 of them die. That’s one death every 33 minutes. In 2000 in Kansas, 2,469 people were injured in alcohol-related crashes. That’s more than six persons injured each day’ (Courtesy: Kansas Department of Transportation, â€Å"Types of drivers†. Retrieved on November 24, 2008 from http://www. ksdot. org/burTrafficSaf/sns/Presentation/types. asp) It can only be understood that a safe and a good driver should always maintain patience while driving, as a small move from any of the three categories discussed above can cause them their lives for no fault of their own. Reference: 1) Kansas Department of Transportation, â€Å"Types of drivers†. http://www. ksdot. org/burTrafficSaf/sns/Presentation/types. asp Categories of drivers. (2016, Sep 04).

Death penalty in the US Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Death penalty in the US - Research Paper Example Across the globe, the same practice continues to be observed, dating its inception to hundreds of years ago for countries that undertake the death penalty practice. By the end of the first quarter of the year 2008, up to 37 states in the U.S had embraced the death penalty practice, with 13 states and the District of Columbia remaining without this penalty (Mauer, Ryan & Malcolm 117). This practice was also upheld by the U.S military, and crowned by the fact that the federal government authorized its practice. Amid this pursuit, the ways through which the penalty is implemented remains diverse and dynamic over time. For the states in the U.S that uphold death penalty, the mechanisms used to actualize this penalty range from lethal injections to electric chairs (Campbell 78). Arguments for and against this practice remains evident, with the primary concern being human rights for the prisoners set for the capital punishment (Marquis 95). Around the globe different countries observe this form of punishment while others do not. There are countries that previously observed death penalty, but later revised their legal systems to alleviate the practice (Anckar 152). On the same note, there are countries that initially did not have capital punishment as a form of punishment according to their laws, but went ahead to formulate and implement legal provisions that allowed death penalty (Hodgkinson & Schabas 169-185). This implies that the global population remains divided for and against death penalty. This is the reason why there are countries that execute prisoners under the death provisions, while others fail to do so. In the U.S and the globe at large, decades ago realized exacerbating executions in accordance with death penalty laws. With the rising issues and agencies that promote human rights at all aspects, many countries, U.S included have embarked on a reform trail in relation to

Advantage and disadvantages of trade on the silk route Essay

Advantage and disadvantages of trade on the silk route - Essay Example Muslims, Christians and Buddhists traded mostly in silk and gave it out as a sacred token in the process of spreading their religious beliefs. Buddhist monks travelled willingly to India whereas Islamic groups produced bulks of silk to trade in Eurasia, which facilitated the spread of religious beliefs between nations. Buddhists and Muslims spread their beliefs across India, China, and Japan (Omar, 2014). Acquisition of technology and innovation by the East from lands in the West was another advantage of the silk route (Omar, 2014). The Steppe nomads passed on harnesses, saddles and stirrups for use in animal transport. Mountain road construction and bridge construction was an essential addition to the people of the East. One of the disadvantages of the silk route was the spread of diseases such as smallpox, measles and bubonic plague. The route involved significant human traffic and hence easy spread of the communicable infections. These infections were catastrophic in Europe killing many people (Omar, 2014). Another disadvantage was the rise of intermediaries involved in the trade. These intermediaries would charge hefty prices for the acquisition of goods hence making huge profits and start acting like bullies to the Far East