Labor Market For University Graduates Economics Essay

fatigue trade For University Graduates stintings EssayFor quite some time, Egypt has suffered inveterate unemployment with the unemployment stray hoering during the past decade well above 9 percent. Like several other developing countries, the unemployment problem in Egypt is prevalent among university graduates. In 2008, close to 17 percent of Egypts dig up force had a university degree. University graduates, however, represented approximately one third of the unemployed repulse versus 2% of illiterates (CAPMAS 2008). The noticeably high unemployment rates among university graduates represent a heavy drain on the countrys scarce human and financial resources.Those distortions in the graduates exertion market in terms of skills needed by employers and those offered by workers ar mainly the outcome of prolonged policies that failed to promote economic growth and increase employment. Although, Egypt took a concrete steps and adopted active p occasiontariat market policies tow ards the youth, the mismatch problem still exists. Gobbi (2005) diagnosed this phenomenon as follows the existence of poor data on the apprehend demand needs, it is difficult to cope with dynamics of the labor market, only 5% received guidance from the authority to training centers and netly the low quality of the training due to lack of funds, shortage of competent trainers, scarcity of modern equipment and innovative methods, and insufficient course duration. Those distortions highlights the need to understand the status and imbalances in the university graduates labor markets and identify appropriate strategies to reduce unemployment and improve the well world and opportunities of the university graduates.Although individual welfargon in Egypt is correlated with university graduation,1 the labor markets for university graduates has not been sufficiently efficient. The inefficiencies are an outcome of the particular structure and features of those markets on both the demand and suplly emplacements. in that location is an extensive body of research literature that examines the main features of the labor markets for university graduates in Egypt. The research suggests that the field of train classified according to academic departmenthas a significant effect on the labor market for the university graduates. For instance, it is likely that the medical school, pharmacy and engineering graduates mayon averageachieve better labor market outcomes in comparison with the holders of Bachelor of Arts degrees. Moreover, the nature of the university ownership (public, private or foreign) may affect its graduates labor market opportunities and expected sprightliness incomes. Further, there is an change magnitude tendency towards recruiting graduates from foreign universities/sections. Hence, graduates from Arabic sections in commerce and law for example dont have the opportunity to penetrate the labor market. The like applies to faculties that do not generate the required skilled labor for the society like humanities and agriculture (OECD and IBRD-The World Bank 2010).grammatical gender-specific differencesparticularly on the demand sidehave been observed to influence the labor market conclusivenesss and potentials for the university graduates leading to unequivocal male dominance. This is manifested by the staggering 71 percent representation of males in the marrow administer of employed university graduates. Other personal, demographic, spatial and household characteristics influence the graduates labor market decisions importantly, marital status and location of residence. According to the 1998 and 2006 Egyptian Labor Market Surveys, unmarried women experienced faster transition from university-to-work vis--vis married women. Alternatively, university graduates in urban areas represent al close to 70 percent of the total number of employed university graduates owe to the low number of joke opportunities suitable for their skills in t he rural region. The rural university graduates assenting to employment and wage potentials is further curtailed by the high economic be of migration across the rural urban divide generally because of the higher(prenominal) costs of urban re apportioning.The above characteristics imply that the university graduates labor markets in Egypt are highly segmented. They are similarly influenced by non-competitive forces, which act as barriers to equitable access to employment opportunities and to fair wage compensations. Hence, personal, clan- and family-based connections and networks, communal norms and opportunistic rent-seeking behavior can pay for having a good job and raise the probability of accessing the labor market.As in many developing countries, there is a mismatch between Egyptian university graduates labor market realities and its institutions. Moreover, use of goods and services Guarantee Scheme established in the 1960s lead to lowering the quality of program line at al l levels, and the growing number of graduates led to queuing for government jobs (Birdsall and OConnell 1999).Examining the characteristics of informal workers in 1998 and 2006 marked the increase in the share of youth (20-29 years old) among informal workers. Moreover, the share of university graduates has increased slightly over this period suggesting that more university graduates are informally employed in 2006 than in 1998 (Wahba 2009).Based on what shown above the Egyptian educational expansion is not translated into higher productivity and income for graduates, instead it induces diminishing returns. The reasons behind that are the shortage of Egypts education policy to efficient-enhancing discipline necessary for enhancing the graduated workers competitiveness in the export market, and the labor market regime and regulations that leads to an increase in the cost of labor and rigidities in the labor market (Birdsall and OConnell 1999). in that locationfore, it is of paramoun t interest that all players in the graduates labor market- the government, the university outline administrators, employers and graduates themselves- must endeavor to put an end to this vicious circle.The main target area of this research is to analyze the structure of the labor market for university graduates in Egypt and suggest matter-of-fact strategies to increase its efficiency. Because of the statistical deficiencies of the labor market data in Egypt, the proposed research allow for be based on a new stylized dataset for the emerge and demand for university graduates. The remainder of this proposal is divided as follows.II. ObjectiveThe proposed research conditions at informing the Egyptian decision makers in addressing fundamental policy issues concerning the tot and demand of university graduates and their movements in the labor markets. Consequently, the analysis should be able to improve the decision makers understanding of the different factors driving unemployment not only among university graduates but also in the overall economy via studying the processes and market and non-market institutions involved in the flow of university graduates in and out of establishments, university graduates (mis)match with jobs and the distribution of university graduates across sectors. Importantly, the study pass on consider the determination of the wage structure and the semblanceship of vacancies and unemployment cross different sectors and year of graduation. Specifically, the research leave cover the following main issues.1. Analysis of the structure of the Egyptian university graduates labor markets. This includes an overview of the relative wage/earnings structure (including all types of benefits) and the sources of wage inequality by type of employment, job, gender, enterprise, demographic characteristics, region, etc. The study will aim at examining the university graduates labor supply and demand sides. Hence, the study shall explore the differe nt dimensions of the incentives that graduates haveincluding the various factors that affect their reservation wagesto bid labor operate and to offer a specific number of hours of work per week and per year. The study shall differentiate between the incentives facing men and women separately, which determine the observed choices for the uses of time including the role of wages and job characteristics (stability, private/government, etc.), years of experience, family status, wage differentials by sex, informality, paid/nonpaid jobs, family/personal income, type of enterprise, marital status and other households, community environment, firms and sectoral characteristics.2. The main object of study shall aim at providing a detailed taxonomy of the structure of the demand for Egyptian university graduates. The study will generally aim at identifying the incentives of different firms and enterprises to fill graduates and the factors that influence job openings hires. In addition, diff erent elasticities shall be estimated to evaluate the firms years of experience/skill graduates demand mix considering the prevailing relative wage, costs of issue and market and non market institutional arrangements. Particular emphasis will be given to government and public sector demand for graduates that is influenced by both socioeconomic and political considerations. Finally, the study shall evaluate whether too much education is being produced relative to the needs of the different employers and whether there is a mismatch between the job characteristics and the graduates qualifications.3. The study will examine the effect and role that grades have to play in the Egyptian university graduates labor market by type and spatial allocation of university and by type of employment private/public/government, formal/informal, temporary/tenured/seasonal, etc. The study shall consider the effect of grades on job and life history prospects when entering the labor market. It will also examine whether or not these effects are transitory and whether they change (positively/negatively) over time. The study, therefore, shall test and analyze the relation between grades and annual wagesper formal and per actual hours of workat different time intervals (years) after graduation to capture the age impact of the university graduates final grades.4. The study shall examine the effect of minimum wage on the number of hours worked and on the structure of the wage distribution across sectors in Egypt focusing on university graduates. The study will determine the discrepancies in the length of the period needed for the youngest inexperienced vs. the older workers to decide exiting the minimum wage and identify graduates who would be most probably affected. The study shall extend the employment and wage effects of adopting the minimum wage policy on both the formal and informal sectors. This should provide the decision makers with guidelines for the design of an appropriate min imum wage policy that takes into consideration the profile of minimum wage employees and their productivity.5. The study aims at measuring the intergenerational economic and social mobility among university graduates in Egypt by measuring the degree to which the graduates circumstances at birth, family background and ties with and membership in different communities can affect their employment and wage level. In addition, the study will probe into how status in the social hierarchy system changes throughout the course of the graduates career based on their own effort. The findings of the study will be employed to analyze the linkages between key socioeconomic variables including education attainment, persons skill and quality of performance, wage rate, job security and stability and equitable access to opportunities. Differences in opportunitiesowing to the individuals own rank within the family/community, place of residence e.g., urban/rural, upper/lower and other relevant socioeco nomic and demographic characteristicswill be identified.6. Policy evaluationbased on the findings derived from the studies 1-5to formulate policy in data formative guiding principles and design doable strategies for reducing unemployment and incidence of joblessness among Egyptian university graduates, increasing their earning potentials and employment opportunities and promising them better access to the labor markets both at the present time and in the future. The strategies shall be cast within an amenable format that can be easily implemented by the decision makers.III. Data SourcesGraduate surveySurvey on the labor market outcomes of graduates from the higher education system in Egypt, data will be collected through a multistage stratified random sample. The strata are all the academic departments and the graduation year. There will be an oversampling for the private schools to deal with their absent in the past.The questionnaire will study some demographic characteristics ,the job situation of graduates, type of the job and duties characteristics, educational requirements for the job, the match between their studies and their graduate job (education-job match), past jobs (jobs history). They were also asked whether they had taken any postgraduate studies or any training programs (training purpose, type of training and the like cost), and if they had any experience with mobility. To study the effect and role that grades have to play in the Egyptian university graduates labor market, the questionnaire should have question rough the cumulative grade that the graduate got on the final year of school. For some cases, when the GPA will be available, the graduate score will be converted to have the same grade system. Specific section with detailed questions for graduates who were unemployed and some other questions about the communities surround the graduates. This survey will be conducted quarterly to capture the seasonality effect. governing surveyThe surve y sample should represent all establishments in all economy sectors. Multistage stratified sample will be conducted. Some establishment characteristics will be taken into consideration such as the geographic region, public or private establishment and establishment size. Some specific sub surveys could be conducted informal survey and micro-survey for enterprise that has less than 5 employees.The questionnaire will study all things that encourage different establishments to hire graduates, all the socioeconomic and political considerations that are related to hiring new employees. Some establishments require special training programs, so there will be some questions about the purpose of the training program, the cost, and the places that provide such training. It is important also to ask about the factors that influence new job openings. There will be also questions about the annual wages, working(a) days, formal and actual working hours, cost of production and full- and part-time workers who are paid a wage or salary and some other questions about the communities surround the establishments. The survey will be conducted at the end of the fiscal year.To test the design and check its feasibility, a pilot study will be conducted for each of the two surveys.IV. Expected BudgetLevelEstimate US $Overall Project CostsHuman ResourcesLead EconomistEconomic Expert(S)Statistics Expert(s)Economic ResearchersStatisticiansConducting the surveySoftware and EquipmentsWorkshops and EeminarsBibliographyAmer, M. 2007.Transition from direction to Work. Egypt Country Report. European Training Foundation (ETF) on the job(p) document.Birdsall, Nancy and Lesley OConnell. 1999. Putting Education to Work in Egypt.Central Agency for unrestricted Mobilization And Statistics (CAPMAS). 2008. Labor force Sample Survey. www.capmas.gov.egChen, M.and J. Vanek. 2005. Informal employment rethinking workforce development. In Good Jobs, Bad Jobs, No Jobs Labor Markets and Informal Work in Egy pt, El Salvador, India, Russia, and South Africa. Ed. By Avirgan, T., L. Josh Bivens and Sarah Gammage. Global Policy Network. Economic Policy Institute.El Zannaty and Associates. 2007. School-to-work Transition Evidence from Egypt. Employment Policy physical compositions 2007/2. Employment Policy Department, ILO.El-Haddad, A. 2009. Labor Market Gender Discrimination under Structural Adjustment The Case of Egypt. Working Paper 003, SRC/CIDA Research Program on Gender and Work. Social Research Center, The American University in Cairo and the Canadian International Development Agency.El-Mahdi, A. and M. Amer. 2005. Egypt Growing Informality, 1990-2003. Chapter 1 in Good Jobs, Bad Jobs, No Jobs Labor Markets and Informal Work in Egypt, El Salvador, India, Russia, and South Africa. Ed. By Avirgan, T., L. Josh Bivens and Sarah Gammage. Global Policy Network. Economic Policy Institute.Galal, Ahmed. 2002. The Paradox of Education and Unemployment in Egypt Working. Egyptian Center for Econ omic Studies (ECES). Paper No. 67.Gobbi, M. 2007. Flexibility and security in labour markets of developing countries. In search of decent work for all Employment. Paper No. 2007/6 Policy Papers Employment Policy Department, ILO, Geneva.Gobbi, M. and N. Alena. 2005. Towards a New Balance between Labour Market Flexibility and Employment security measures for Egypt. ILO. National Tripartite Symposium on Employment Policy in Egypt (16-17 January 2005, Cairo).Kenawy, Ezzat Molouk. 2006. University Education and its Relation to Development in Egypt. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 2(12) 1270-1284.OECD and World Bank. 2010.Reviews of National Policies for Education Higher Education in Egypt.Pauw, Kalie, Morn Oosthuizen, and Carlene van der Westhuizen. 2006. Graduate Unemployment in the Face of Skills Shortages A Labour Market Paradox. Development Policy Research Unit. DPRU Working Paper 06/114.Radwan, Samir. 2002. Employment and Unemployment in Egypt Conventional Problems, Unconvent ional Remedies. Egyptian Center for Economic Studies (ECES). Working Paper No. 70.Wahba, J. 2009. Informality in Egypt a Stepping careen or a Dead End? Economic Research Forum Working Paper No. 456.

Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 and Modern World Essay -- Compare Contra

Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 and Modern WorldThe futuristic world that Ray Bradbury, origin of Fahrenheit 451, sovividly describes is frighteningly intimately to our own. It might not seemso at first glance, but if you take a nestled look, youll reign thatBradbury wasnt far off the mark with his idea of what our lives wouldbe like in 50 years. As he envisioned, technology would be organiclysophisticated, families would croak becoming distant, andentertainment would take a much significant role in our lives. Theproblems at the present might not be as extreme as Bradburys,however, if left unchecked, they could grow to be just as monstrous ashe predicted.Since the 1950s, scientists and engineers have made enormous advancesin the world of technology. spur then, computers were still becomingcommon, and now pretty much every family has at least one. Astechnology becomes more widespread, people find excuses to buy more ofit and become sucked into a world of digital screens, cell pho nes, andelectronic planners, rather than that of notebooks, pencils, and goodold-fashioned face-to-face conversations. Although it is tremendouslyuseful in numerous ways, it is unsettling to look of how in-controltechnology is of our lives. Would you be able to last a whole daywithout using your telephone, operating your computer, listening toyour CDs, or enjoying that nice warm beverage thats been change byyour microwave? The answer is probably no. Even though you might notthink that technology has power over your life, if you look carefully,youll find youre mistaken.Do you know what family time is? How often do you spend time withyour family? Do you enjoy it? Would you rather be somewhere else?... ...uation would be extremely close to how Bradbury envisioned it.I think Ray Bradbury sums all this up in a quote from the book Lifeis immediate, the job counts, pleasure lies about afterward work. Whylearn anything save pressing buttons, pulling switches, fitting nutsand bolts? This shows that people are gradually thinking less andless. They want life to be easy. They want their technology they wanttheir entertainment. They dont want to be intellectually stimulated.We can still prevent our future from becoming like that of the book.How? The answer is extremely unproblematic Think. Use your brain forknowledge, not watching TV and playing video games. Read as many booksas you can. Pay attention in school. someday youll be glad you did.As Isaac Asimov so wisely said, If knowledge can create problems, itis not through ignorance that we can solve them.

Terrorism In North Africa :: Terrorists, Role Of United States

North Africa is a huge area that is becoming a safe place for little terror groups. Are we facing another failed state? What should be done about it? Should the United States send troops to North Africa to prevent it from becoming another Afghanistan?The Jan. 16 attack on the natural-gas installation at In Amenas, Algeria, like the Sept. 11, 2012, raid on the U.S. facility in Benghazi, Libya, was the work of al-Qaida affiliates operating in the Sahel, a neighbourhood in North Africa defined by both the Sahara desert and centuries of tribal warfare.Its latest iteration, responsible for more than 100,000 deaths, has been the decade-old Islamic insurgency in Algeria. The difference of opinion has received little international attention until an attempted rescue of the In Amenas hostages by Algerian Special Forces resulted in 37 deaths, including several Americans.The Sahara, the largest desert amid the two poles, has been both an obstacle and a route for invaders from the Romans to the French Foreign Legion. Although Timbuktu was long a center of learning and commerce, back to the golden empire of Mansa Musa, the region is now a neglected part of the world making it an ideal safe haven for terrorists.The sands respect no borders and erase divisions between Algeria and Mali, a fact traditionally exploited by desert nomads and lately by jihadists led by al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb.Until French forces recaptured the main towns, AQIM had controlled Union Mali for 10 months and ran the area under Shariah law. The jihadists pronounced goal, shared by Salafists and other radical Muslim groups, is to restitute the Caliphate of Islams glory years of the eighth century, when it controlled territory from Andalusia to India.Their confidence is not unfounded. Neither Mali nor its neighbors possess the capabilities or the will to defeat the Islamist insurgency. If, as President Francois Hollande recently announced, France will declare victory and murder its troo ps, the conflict threatens to continue metastasizing over time.Local media have reported that the rebels have attracted recruits from other Islamist movements, such as the Boko Haram in Nigeria, and from countries as far away as Canada, as well as weapons from Libya. A precipitous withdrawal by the French would solidify the Islamists belief that, if the Prophet could create his Caliphate from the sands of Medina, they can recreate it from the sands of Timbuktu.The situation is further complicated by the regions oil and natural gas wealth.

Gas Chromatography :: essays research papers

GasChromatographyPurpose The purpose of the gas chromatography lab is to find out how different substances interact with the surface of a solid. Chromatography is a separation technique that depends on the relative distribution of the components of a mixture between a erratic soma and a solid unmoving phase. Chromatography measures the tendency of a substance to interact with the surface of a solid or to remain in a mobile phase. When doing a chromatography lab the mobile phase has to be a substance that is either in a liquid or a gas state. In this lab the mobile phase was a gas, which is why this is called a gas chromatography lab. The different gases tested in this lab were CHCl3 and CH2Cl2. It is determined to what extent a gas interacts with the solid by injecting a known amount of the mobile gas into the carrier gas and then measuring the concentration that comes out at the end of the tug. From this there was a sensor that transferred the information to a computer were it was graphed. The tendency of the gas to interact with the solid is determined by the number of theoretical plates. A substance that interacts more potently with the surface of the solid leave alone take more time to be carried across the stationary phase.ProcedureThe pieces of a Gas Chromatograph are the gas supply, injector, newspaper column and the detector. The gas supply, or carrier gas, is the gas from the valves at the lab tables. First a coil had to be made out of copper, which would serve as the burner for the detective work system. A pipet was used as the column to put the solid stationary substance into. The solid phase in this experiment was Tide. The pipet was modify with Tide detergent and cotton was inserted in both end of the pipet. The column was then secured horizontally to a ring stand using clamps. The tip of the column should be in a vertical position. The copper coil is then placed in the vertical part of the column with the coil about 1/8 above the end of the column. It is important that the copper coil be placed at the right height because if it is too low the flame will not get enough air and if the copper is to high the flame will burn below the coil.

Japanese Internment in Canada Essay -- essays research papers

The core of the Japanese experience in Canada lies in the shameful and almost autocratic suspension of benevolent rights that the Canadian government committed during World War II. As a result, thousands of Japanese were uprooted to be imprisoned in internment camps miles extraneous from their homes. While only a small percentage of the Japanese living in Canada were actually matters of Japan, those who were Canadian born were, without any concrete evidence, continuously creation associated with a country that was nothing but foreign to them. Branded as enemy aliens, the Japanese Canadians soon came to the realization that their beloved nation harboured so more hate and anti-Asian sentiments that Canada was becoming just as foreign to them as Japan was. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese Canadians lost almost everything, including their livelihood. Their arrogance as a people was being seriously threatened. Without any proper thought, they were aware that resi stance against Canadas white majority would prove to be futile. racial discrimination had its biggest opportunity to fully reveal itself while the Japanese silently watched the civil disdain take action, the time slip by throughout the emptying and internment, and their daily lives simply fall apart at the seams.The term Canadian offered no redemption as the Japanese Canadians were involuntarily regarded as potential treats to national security by their own fellow citizens. In a country they knew only as home, the yellow race was a culture many mat up they could never accept with open arms. In essence, as the prejudice impelled the Japanese to enclose themselves in a separated society, they were decidedly doomed to abide a permanently alien, non-voting population. As visible minorities, the Japanese were easy targets for discrimination in every social aspect of their lives. In 1907, a race mutiny took place in a district called Little Tokyo in Vancouver. There, an estimated five thousand racist Canadians sought to destroy the homes and stores of the Asian community. By 1928, W.L. Mackenzie queen mole rat proposed that one hundred fifty Japanese immigrants be permitted to enter Canada each year to prevent future mishaps. The bombing of Pearl Harbor was merely a trigger point for the public distaste to truly emphasize itself. With such close relations with the United Sta... ... to all those who disliked them, and soon that same excogitation was being adopted by the Japanese minority.The Japanese Canadians had no other option but to endure the constant assaults to their social welfare. As aliens, they could only do so much in a country that was populated mostly by the white race. However, little did it upset them in the beginning, since they were still proud to be Canadian. When the public scorn, evacuation and internment took place, the Japanese were compelled to remain in a stagnant state as all they had earned through much trade union movement became s tripped away. After Pearl Harbor, their small and restricted world so abruptly collapsed that nothing would ever be the same again. The government lacked the courage and semipolitical will to refuse public opinion in British Columbia, and so chose the path of least resistance. Consequently, the Japanese became subjected to serious limitations of their civil liberties as citizens, and more importantly, human beings. The passing years, have brought overdue regrets and apologies, but the memory of the internment acts as a reminder that the denial of an entire races rights is never the solution.

Doing the Right Thing in Hamlet :: The Tragedy of Hamlet Essays

Doing the Right Thing in Hamlet When an individual has taken a legitimate course of action, who is to determine whether that action taken was serious or wrong? And what basis should the individual passing judgment use to decide whether that action was right or wrong? Should the individual passing judgment count the other individuals purpose or intent in taking the action, or should he consider the resulting consequences of the other individuals actions? If the individual passing judgment were to choose to do the first of these two alternatives, he would be taking a deontological stance, as compared to the later which describes the consequentialist opine. As Stephen J. Freeman explains, consequentialism is the belief that actions and/or rules are right as long as they produce the most favorable consequences for those affected by the actions or rules (Freeman 63). Consequentialists view the morality of a consequence in two aspects. One aspect is what is called honest egoism. Et hical egoism is the idea that morality is defined as playacting in ones own interest and in such a way as to maximize the consequences of good over bad (Freeman 49). In contrast to ethical egoism is utilitarianism. Utilitarianists view morality as when an action promotes the greatest balance of good over bad for all people. Utilitarianism is a teleological, goal-directed theory accent happiness as the end result of human action (Freeman 49). In Freemans book on ethics, he discusses Holmes proposal of two types of teleological ethical theories that cave in to these two differing consequentialist views. Holmes proposal is that of little and macro ethics. Micro ethics regards the happiness of the individual as the highest good and defines what is right as the action that maximizes that end. By definition, micro ethics is very similar to the belief of ethical egoism. On the other hand, macro ethics views happiness as the well-being of a group as a whole and defines what is right as the action that maximizes that end. As used here, a group can be those people of a specific city, state, nation, or race, and any particular group has greater importance than any particular individual or subgroup within it, because its good exceeds the sum of any and all of its part (Freeman 49). Those in support of macro ethics would justify the sacrifice of an individual or part within the group, as long as it brings about dear consequences for the group as a whole.

to have and have not :: essays research papers

My book is "To have and have not" by Ernest Hemingway. He is by far my favorite author, he is a bit racist though. He tells the story of Harry Morgan in this book. It is a dramatic peice of fiction that deals with trhe bulge of a mans choice bettween killing or letting his family starve. He does everything in his to feed his family. He begins rum- run bettween Cuba and Key West. That is the reason that his boat adds seized by the Coast Guard. He has this ship matewho he calls a certian word over and over. It is sad that life is so hard for him.     In part one Harry Morgan is running a fishing charter operation. He is inthe bar waiting for the charter to arrive. He is approached by 3 cubans who speak good english. They talk and they gather up him to take them some where I think Cuba. They offer him a thousand a peice he tells them he cant take them. The big one starts to get angry with him. He threatens to slit Harrys throat and thenhe calms down. Harr y tells them no and finially they head twoard the door. As they walked out the door a closed railway car drove up and had a shoot out with them they all were killed. Harry went down to the docks to wait at his boat for the charter but they were already on board. The charterer was a guy named Johnson and he brought a rummy along with him. Harry takes them fishing and they lose his equipment. When the next mourning comes Johnson is nowhere to be seen he skips oput on paying Morgan for the equipment or the bill.                                              This is where the plot complicates you see he now has no fishing buisness so he has to find another way to feed his family. So he does odd jobs here and there. He meets up with a man called Mr. Sing. He was a chink. He wanted Harry to transport something fo r him. He in addition wants harry to carry some men for him. Harry agrees and takes the two hundred dollars.