The Testing Of Salivary Biomarkers - 1986 Words

Introduction: Although the testing of salivary biomarkers has yet to take hold in clinical settings, the research surrounding this science is promising. Ideally, in the future, patients will be able to submit saliva samples to their doctor or dentist to be tested for a variety of conditions which can be detected based on particular proteins or enzymes, et cetera. The hope is that these tests could lead to early disease detection and treatment. In this report, you will find the ways in which saliva can be gathered, as well as the known biomarkers for specific diseases, and the shortcomings and hopes for research in this field. Saliva Composition and Function: In this article, author Karthikeyan Murthykumar discusses the composition of saliva, as well as its ability to protect the mouth, and aid in digestion. The study performed identified the following details regarding saliva composition and function: Saliva is excreted through three different glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual. It is comprised of about 99% water, but contains a mixture of ions and proteins, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, magnesium, bicarbonate, phosphate, albumin, and some polypeptides. Before saliva is excreted through the glands, it is isotonic to blood plasma. However, once it exits the ducts of the glands, it is hypotonic. It is this hypotonicity that allows us to perceive flavor, by then mixing with ions and dissolving gustin. Gustin is a salivary protein whichShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Anxiety And Ill Health2143 Words   |  9 Pagespsychological aspects (mood, emotion, and coping) and sympathetic system responses to an acute stress challenge. Saliva samples will be collected from the participants before and after the acute stress challenge to calculate the presence of the enzyme salivary alpha-amylase (sAA). Participants will answer baseline composite questionnaires and post-stressor composite questionnaires to measure self-reported health. The significance lies in firstly understanding how individuals respond to acute stress, thisRead MoreFactors That Affect The Nervous System ( Sns ) And Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ( Hpa )8211 Words   |  33 Pagesbetween the developing sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Recent studies have suggested an association between early life adversity (ELA) and asymmetry in cortisol (a measure of HPA axis activation) and salivary alpha-amylase (a correlate of SNS activation) responses to stress among human children, but to my knowledge there have been no studies of such a relationship in nonhumans . Here, I investigate the responses of these analytes to non-stressful andRead MoreThe Common And Fatal Genetic Disease3665 Words   |  15 Pageshemolytic anemia, defective coagulation, and skin rashes as specific manifestations of these deficiencies. Pancreatic enzymes responsible for protein and carbohydrate digestion are also deficient in pancreatic insufficiency; however, intact secretion of salivary amylase and gastric proteases results in partial sparing of protein and carbohydrate absorption. Acute or chronic recurrent pancreatitis can be a presenting manifestation of CF, and is much more common among those with pancreatic sufficiency (10%Read MoreSocial Stress And Its Impact On The Classroom9865 Words   |  40 Pagesas a stressor, and their study did not measure eating behavior. No weight stigma study and no theory has integrated perceived stress, biology, and eating behavior into a single model. Further, all prior studies have examined cortisol simply as a biomarker fo r stress, which ignores the role of cortisol as (a) a driver of eating behavior and (b) a driver of weight gain (see biological mechanisms section below). My model does so by exploiting a biopsychosocial stress framework for weight stigma. Unsuccessful/unavailable